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r"""
:mod:`~matplotlib.gridspec` contains classes that help to layout multiple
`~axes.Axes` in a grid-like pattern within a figure.
The `GridSpec` specifies the overall grid structure. Individual cells within
the grid are referenced by `SubplotSpec`\s.
See the tutorial :ref:`sphx_glr_tutorials_intermediate_gridspec.py` for a
comprehensive usage guide.
"""
import copy
import logging
import numpy as np
import matplotlib as mpl
from matplotlib import _pylab_helpers, cbook, tight_layout, rcParams
from matplotlib.transforms import Bbox
import matplotlib._layoutbox as layoutbox
_log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
class GridSpecBase(object):
"""
A base class of GridSpec that specifies the geometry of the grid
that a subplot will be placed.
"""
def __init__(self, nrows, ncols, height_ratios=None, width_ratios=None):
"""
The number of rows and number of columns of the grid need to
be set. Optionally, the ratio of heights and widths of rows and
columns can be specified.
"""
self._nrows, self._ncols = nrows, ncols
self.set_height_ratios(height_ratios)
self.set_width_ratios(width_ratios)
def __repr__(self):
height_arg = (', height_ratios=%r' % self._row_height_ratios
if self._row_height_ratios is not None else '')
width_arg = (', width_ratios=%r' % self._col_width_ratios
if self._col_width_ratios is not None else '')
return '{clsname}({nrows}, {ncols}{optionals})'.format(
clsname=self.__class__.__name__,
nrows=self._nrows,
ncols=self._ncols,
optionals=height_arg + width_arg,
)
def get_geometry(self):
"""
Return a tuple containing the number of rows and columns in the grid.
"""
return self._nrows, self._ncols
def get_subplot_params(self, figure=None, fig=None):
pass
def new_subplotspec(self, loc, rowspan=1, colspan=1):
"""Create and return a `.SubplotSpec` instance."""
loc1, loc2 = loc
subplotspec = self[loc1:loc1+rowspan, loc2:loc2+colspan]
return subplotspec
def set_width_ratios(self, width_ratios):
if width_ratios is not None and len(width_ratios) != self._ncols:
raise ValueError('Expected the given number of width ratios to '
'match the number of columns of the grid')
self._col_width_ratios = width_ratios
def get_width_ratios(self):
return self._col_width_ratios
def set_height_ratios(self, height_ratios):
if height_ratios is not None and len(height_ratios) != self._nrows:
raise ValueError('Expected the given number of height ratios to '
'match the number of rows of the grid')
self._row_height_ratios = height_ratios
def get_height_ratios(self):
return self._row_height_ratios
def get_grid_positions(self, fig, raw=False):
"""
Return lists of bottom and top position of rows, left and
right positions of columns.
If raw=True, then these are all in units relative to the container
with no margins. (used for constrained_layout).
"""
nrows, ncols = self.get_geometry()
if raw:
left = 0.
right = 1.
bottom = 0.
top = 1.
wspace = 0.
hspace = 0.
else:
subplot_params = self.get_subplot_params(fig)
left = subplot_params.left
right = subplot_params.right
bottom = subplot_params.bottom
top = subplot_params.top
wspace = subplot_params.wspace
hspace = subplot_params.hspace
tot_width = right - left
tot_height = top - bottom
# calculate accumulated heights of columns
cell_h = tot_height / (nrows + hspace*(nrows-1))
sep_h = hspace * cell_h
if self._row_height_ratios is not None:
norm = cell_h * nrows / sum(self._row_height_ratios)
cell_heights = [r * norm for r in self._row_height_ratios]
else:
cell_heights = [cell_h] * nrows
sep_heights = [0] + ([sep_h] * (nrows-1))
cell_hs = np.cumsum(np.column_stack([sep_heights, cell_heights]).flat)
# calculate accumulated widths of rows
cell_w = tot_width / (ncols + wspace*(ncols-1))
sep_w = wspace * cell_w
if self._col_width_ratios is not None:
norm = cell_w * ncols / sum(self._col_width_ratios)
cell_widths = [r * norm for r in self._col_width_ratios]
else:
cell_widths = [cell_w] * ncols
sep_widths = [0] + ([sep_w] * (ncols-1))
cell_ws = np.cumsum(np.column_stack([sep_widths, cell_widths]).flat)
fig_tops, fig_bottoms = (top - cell_hs).reshape((-1, 2)).T
fig_lefts, fig_rights = (left + cell_ws).reshape((-1, 2)).T
return fig_bottoms, fig_tops, fig_lefts, fig_rights
def __getitem__(self, key):
"""Create and return a `.SubplotSpec` instance."""
nrows, ncols = self.get_geometry()
def _normalize(key, size, axis): # Includes last index.
orig_key = key
if isinstance(key, slice):
start, stop, _ = key.indices(size)
if stop > start:
return start, stop - 1
raise IndexError("GridSpec slice would result in no space "
"allocated for subplot")
else:
if key < 0:
key = key + size
if 0 <= key < size:
return key, key
elif axis is not None:
raise IndexError(f"index {orig_key} is out of bounds for "
f"axis {axis} with size {size}")
else: # flat index
raise IndexError(f"index {orig_key} is out of bounds for "
f"GridSpec with size {size}")
if isinstance(key, tuple):
try:
k1, k2 = key
except ValueError:
raise ValueError("unrecognized subplot spec")
num1, num2 = np.ravel_multi_index(
[_normalize(k1, nrows, 0), _normalize(k2, ncols, 1)],
(nrows, ncols))
else: # Single key
num1, num2 = _normalize(key, nrows * ncols, None)
return SubplotSpec(self, num1, num2)
class GridSpec(GridSpecBase):
"""
Specifies the geometry of the grid that a subplot can be placed in.
The location of grid is determined by similar way as the SubplotParams.
"""
def __init__(self, nrows, ncols, figure=None,
left=None, bottom=None, right=None, top=None,
wspace=None, hspace=None,
width_ratios=None, height_ratios=None):
"""
The number of rows and number of columns of the grid need to be set.
Optionally, the subplot layout parameters (e.g., left, right, etc.)
can be tuned.
Parameters
----------
nrows : int
Number of rows in grid.
ncols : int
Number or columns in grid.
figure : `~.figure.Figure`, optional
left, right, top, bottom : float, optional
Extent of the subplots as a fraction of figure width or height.
Left cannot be larger than right, and bottom cannot be larger than
top.
wspace : float, optional
The amount of width reserved for space between subplots,
expressed as a fraction of the average axis width.
hspace : float, optional
The amount of height reserved for space between subplots,
expressed as a fraction of the average axis height.
width_ratios : length *ncols* iterable, optional
Width ratios of the columns.
height_ratios : length *nrows* iterable, optional
Height ratios of the rows.
Notes
-----
See `~.figure.SubplotParams` for descriptions of the layout parameters.
"""
self.left = left
self.bottom = bottom
self.right = right
self.top = top
self.wspace = wspace
self.hspace = hspace
self.figure = figure
GridSpecBase.__init__(self, nrows, ncols,
width_ratios=width_ratios,
height_ratios=height_ratios)
if self.figure is None or not self.figure.get_constrained_layout():
self._layoutbox = None
else:
self.figure.init_layoutbox()
self._layoutbox = layoutbox.LayoutBox(
parent=self.figure._layoutbox,
name='gridspec' + layoutbox.seq_id(),
artist=self)
# by default the layoutbox for a gridspec will fill a figure.
# but this can change below if the gridspec is created from a
# subplotspec. (GridSpecFromSubplotSpec)
_AllowedKeys = ["left", "bottom", "right", "top", "wspace", "hspace"]
def __getstate__(self):
state = self.__dict__
try:
state.pop('_layoutbox')
except KeyError:
pass
return state
def __setstate__(self, state):
self.__dict__ = state
# layoutboxes don't survive pickling...
self._layoutbox = None
def update(self, **kwargs):
"""
Update the current values.
Values set to None use the rcParams value.
"""
for k, v in kwargs.items():
if k in self._AllowedKeys:
setattr(self, k, v)
else:
raise AttributeError(f"{k} is an unknown keyword")
for figmanager in _pylab_helpers.Gcf.figs.values():
for ax in figmanager.canvas.figure.axes:
# copied from Figure.subplots_adjust
if not isinstance(ax, mpl.axes.SubplotBase):
# Check if sharing a subplots axis
if isinstance(ax._sharex, mpl.axes.SubplotBase):
if ax._sharex.get_subplotspec().get_gridspec() == self:
ax._sharex.update_params()
ax._set_position(ax._sharex.figbox)
elif isinstance(ax._sharey, mpl.axes.SubplotBase):
if ax._sharey.get_subplotspec().get_gridspec() == self:
ax._sharey.update_params()
ax._set_position(ax._sharey.figbox)
else:
ss = ax.get_subplotspec().get_topmost_subplotspec()
if ss.get_gridspec() == self:
ax.update_params()
ax._set_position(ax.figbox)
def get_subplot_params(self, figure=None):
"""
Return a dictionary of subplot layout parameters. The default
parameters are from rcParams unless a figure attribute is set.
"""
if figure is None:
kw = {k: rcParams["figure.subplot."+k] for k in self._AllowedKeys}
subplotpars = mpl.figure.SubplotParams(**kw)
else:
subplotpars = copy.copy(figure.subplotpars)
subplotpars.update(**{k: getattr(self, k) for k in self._AllowedKeys})
return subplotpars
def locally_modified_subplot_params(self):
return [k for k in self._AllowedKeys if getattr(self, k)]
def tight_layout(self, figure, renderer=None,
pad=1.08, h_pad=None, w_pad=None, rect=None):
"""
Adjust subplot parameters to give specified padding.
Parameters
----------
pad : float
Padding between the figure edge and the edges of subplots, as a
fraction of the font-size.
h_pad, w_pad : float, optional
Padding (height/width) between edges of adjacent subplots.
Defaults to *pad*.
rect : tuple of 4 floats, optional
(left, bottom, right, top) rectangle in normalized figure
coordinates that the whole subplots area (including labels) will
fit into. Default is (0, 0, 1, 1).
"""
subplotspec_list = tight_layout.get_subplotspec_list(
figure.axes, grid_spec=self)
if None in subplotspec_list:
cbook._warn_external("This figure includes Axes that are not "
"compatible with tight_layout, so results "
"might be incorrect.")
if renderer is None:
renderer = tight_layout.get_renderer(figure)
kwargs = tight_layout.get_tight_layout_figure(
figure, figure.axes, subplotspec_list, renderer,
pad=pad, h_pad=h_pad, w_pad=w_pad, rect=rect)
if kwargs:
self.update(**kwargs)
class GridSpecFromSubplotSpec(GridSpecBase):
"""
GridSpec whose subplot layout parameters are inherited from the
location specified by a given SubplotSpec.
"""
def __init__(self, nrows, ncols,
subplot_spec,
wspace=None, hspace=None,
height_ratios=None, width_ratios=None):
"""
The number of rows and number of columns of the grid need to
be set. An instance of SubplotSpec is also needed to be set
from which the layout parameters will be inherited. The wspace
and hspace of the layout can be optionally specified or the
default values (from the figure or rcParams) will be used.
"""
self._wspace = wspace
self._hspace = hspace
self._subplot_spec = subplot_spec
GridSpecBase.__init__(self, nrows, ncols,
width_ratios=width_ratios,
height_ratios=height_ratios)
# do the layoutboxes
subspeclb = subplot_spec._layoutbox
if subspeclb is None:
self._layoutbox = None
else:
# OK, this is needed to divide the figure.
self._layoutbox = subspeclb.layout_from_subplotspec(
subplot_spec,
name=subspeclb.name + '.gridspec' + layoutbox.seq_id(),
artist=self)
def get_subplot_params(self, figure=None):
"""Return a dictionary of subplot layout parameters.
"""
hspace = (self._hspace if self._hspace is not None
else figure.subplotpars.hspace if figure is not None
else rcParams["figure.subplot.hspace"])
wspace = (self._wspace if self._wspace is not None
else figure.subplotpars.wspace if figure is not None
else rcParams["figure.subplot.wspace"])
figbox = self._subplot_spec.get_position(figure)
left, bottom, right, top = figbox.extents
return mpl.figure.SubplotParams(left=left, right=right,
bottom=bottom, top=top,
wspace=wspace, hspace=hspace)
def get_topmost_subplotspec(self):
"""
Return the topmost `.SubplotSpec` instance associated with the subplot.
"""
return self._subplot_spec.get_topmost_subplotspec()
class SubplotSpec:
"""
Specifies the location of a subplot in a `GridSpec`.
.. note::
Likely, you'll never instantiate a `SubplotSpec` yourself. Instead you
will typically obtain one from a `GridSpec` using item-access.
Parameters
----------
gridspec : `~matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpec`
The GridSpec, which the subplot is referencing.
num1, num2 : int
The subplot will occupy the num1-th cell of the given
gridspec. If num2 is provided, the subplot will span between
num1-th cell and num2-th cell.
The index starts from 0.
"""
def __init__(self, gridspec, num1, num2=None):
self._gridspec = gridspec
self.num1 = num1
self.num2 = num2
if gridspec._layoutbox is not None:
glb = gridspec._layoutbox
# So note that here we don't assign any layout yet,
# just make the layoutbox that will contain all items
# associated w/ this axis. This can include other axes like
# a colorbar or a legend.
self._layoutbox = layoutbox.LayoutBox(
parent=glb,
name=glb.name + '.ss' + layoutbox.seq_id(),
artist=self)
else:
self._layoutbox = None
def __getstate__(self):
state = self.__dict__
try:
state.pop('_layoutbox')
except KeyError:
pass
return state
def __setstate__(self, state):
self.__dict__ = state
# layoutboxes don't survive pickling...
self._layoutbox = None
def get_gridspec(self):
return self._gridspec
def get_geometry(self):
"""
Return the subplot geometry as tuple ``(n_rows, n_cols, start, stop)``.
The indices *start* and *stop* define the range of the subplot within
the `GridSpec`. *stop* is inclusive (i.e. for a single cell
``start == stop``).
"""
rows, cols = self.get_gridspec().get_geometry()
return rows, cols, self.num1, self.num2
def get_rows_columns(self):
"""
Return the subplot row and column numbers as a tuple
``(n_rows, n_cols, row_start, row_stop, col_start, col_stop)``.
"""
gridspec = self.get_gridspec()
nrows, ncols = gridspec.get_geometry()
row_start, col_start = divmod(self.num1, ncols)
if self.num2 is not None:
row_stop, col_stop = divmod(self.num2, ncols)
else:
row_stop = row_start
col_stop = col_start
return nrows, ncols, row_start, row_stop, col_start, col_stop
def get_position(self, figure, return_all=False):
"""
Update the subplot position from ``figure.subplotpars``.
"""
gridspec = self.get_gridspec()
nrows, ncols = gridspec.get_geometry()
rows, cols = np.unravel_index(
[self.num1] if self.num2 is None else [self.num1, self.num2],
(nrows, ncols))
fig_bottoms, fig_tops, fig_lefts, fig_rights = \
gridspec.get_grid_positions(figure)
fig_bottom = fig_bottoms[rows].min()
fig_top = fig_tops[rows].max()
fig_left = fig_lefts[cols].min()
fig_right = fig_rights[cols].max()
figbox = Bbox.from_extents(fig_left, fig_bottom, fig_right, fig_top)
if return_all:
return figbox, rows[0], cols[0], nrows, ncols
else:
return figbox
def get_topmost_subplotspec(self):
"""
Return the topmost `SubplotSpec` instance associated with the subplot.
"""
gridspec = self.get_gridspec()
if hasattr(gridspec, "get_topmost_subplotspec"):
return gridspec.get_topmost_subplotspec()
else:
return self
def __eq__(self, other):
"""
Two SubplotSpecs are considered equal if they refer to the same
position(s) in the same `GridSpec`.
"""
# other may not even have the attributes we are checking.
return ((self._gridspec, self.num1, self.num2)
== (getattr(other, "_gridspec", object()),
getattr(other, "num1", object()),
getattr(other, "num2", object())))
def __hash__(self):
return hash((self._gridspec, self.num1, self.num2))
def subgridspec(self, nrows, ncols, **kwargs):
"""
Create a GridSpec within this subplot.
The created `.GridSpecFromSubplotSpec` will have this `SubplotSpec` as
a parent.
Parameters
----------
nrows : int
Number of rows in grid.
ncols : int
Number or columns in grid.
Returns
-------
gridspec : `.GridSpecFromSubplotSpec`
Other Parameters
----------------
**kwargs
All other parameters are passed to `.GridSpecFromSubplotSpec`.
See Also
--------
matplotlib.pyplot.subplots
Examples
--------
Adding three subplots in the space occupied by a single subplot::
fig = plt.figure()
gs0 = fig.add_gridspec(3, 1)
ax1 = fig.add_subplot(gs0[0])
ax2 = fig.add_subplot(gs0[1])
gssub = gs0[2].subgridspec(1, 3)
for i in range(3):
fig.add_subplot(gssub[0, i])
"""
return GridSpecFromSubplotSpec(nrows, ncols, self, **kwargs)