HW1 Done

HW1_Stones/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/matplotlib/tests/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+from pathlib import Path
+
+
+# Check that the test directories exist.
+if not (Path(__file__).parent / 'baseline_images').exists():
+    raise IOError(
+        'The baseline image directory does not exist. '
+        'This is most likely because the test data is not installed. '
+        'You may need to install matplotlib from source to get the '
+        'test data.')

HW1_Stones/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/matplotlib/tests/conftest.py

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+from matplotlib.testing.conftest import (mpl_test_settings,
+                                         mpl_image_comparison_parameters,
+                                         pytest_configure, pytest_unconfigure,
+                                         pd)

HW1_Stones/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/matplotlib/tests/test_afm.py

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+from io import BytesIO
+
+from matplotlib import afm
+from matplotlib import font_manager as fm
+
+
+# See note in afm.py re: use of comma as decimal separator in the
+# UnderlineThickness field and re: use of non-ASCII characters in the Notice
+# field.
+AFM_TEST_DATA = b"""StartFontMetrics 2.0
+Comment Comments are ignored.
+Comment Creation Date:Mon Nov 13 12:34:11 GMT 2017
+FontName MyFont-Bold
+EncodingScheme FontSpecific
+FullName My Font Bold
+FamilyName Test Fonts
+Weight Bold
+ItalicAngle 0.0
+IsFixedPitch false
+UnderlinePosition -100
+UnderlineThickness 56,789
+Version 001.000
+Notice Copyright \xa9 2017 No one.
+FontBBox 0 -321 1234 369
+StartCharMetrics 3
+C 0 ; WX 250 ; N space ; B 0 0 0 0 ;
+C 42 ; WX 1141 ; N foo ; B 40 60 800 360 ;
+C 99 ; WX 583 ; N bar ; B 40 -10 543 210 ;
+EndCharMetrics
+EndFontMetrics
+"""
+
+
+def test_nonascii_str():
+    # This tests that we also decode bytes as utf-8 properly.
+    # Else, font files with non ascii characters fail to load.
+    inp_str = "привет"
+    byte_str = inp_str.encode("utf8")
+
+    ret = afm._to_str(byte_str)
+    assert ret == inp_str
+
+
+def test_parse_header():
+    fh = BytesIO(AFM_TEST_DATA)
+    header = afm._parse_header(fh)
+    assert header == {
+        b'StartFontMetrics': 2.0,
+        b'FontName': 'MyFont-Bold',
+        b'EncodingScheme': 'FontSpecific',
+        b'FullName': 'My Font Bold',
+        b'FamilyName': 'Test Fonts',
+        b'Weight': 'Bold',
+        b'ItalicAngle': 0.0,
+        b'IsFixedPitch': False,
+        b'UnderlinePosition': -100,
+        b'UnderlineThickness': 56.789,
+        b'Version': '001.000',
+        b'Notice': b'Copyright \xa9 2017 No one.',
+        b'FontBBox': [0, -321, 1234, 369],
+        b'StartCharMetrics': 3,
+    }
+
+
+def test_parse_char_metrics():
+    fh = BytesIO(AFM_TEST_DATA)
+    afm._parse_header(fh)  # position
+    metrics = afm._parse_char_metrics(fh)
+    assert metrics == (
+        {0: (250.0, 'space', [0, 0, 0, 0]),
+         42: (1141.0, 'foo', [40, 60, 800, 360]),
+         99: (583.0, 'bar', [40, -10, 543, 210]),
+         },
+        {'space': (250.0, 'space', [0, 0, 0, 0]),
+         'foo': (1141.0, 'foo', [40, 60, 800, 360]),
+         'bar': (583.0, 'bar', [40, -10, 543, 210]),
+         })
+
+
+def test_get_familyname_guessed():
+    fh = BytesIO(AFM_TEST_DATA)
+    font = afm.AFM(fh)
+    del font._header[b'FamilyName']  # remove FamilyName, so we have to guess
+    assert font.get_familyname() == 'My Font'
+
+
+def test_font_manager_weight_normalization():
+    font = afm.AFM(BytesIO(
+        AFM_TEST_DATA.replace(b"Weight Bold\n", b"Weight Custom\n")))
+    assert fm.afmFontProperty("", font).weight == "normal"

HW1_Stones/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/matplotlib/tests/test_agg.py

@@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
+import io
+
+import numpy as np
+from numpy.testing import assert_array_almost_equal
+import pytest
+
+from matplotlib import (
+    collections, path, pyplot as plt, transforms as mtransforms, rcParams)
+from matplotlib.image import imread
+from matplotlib.backends.backend_agg import FigureCanvasAgg as FigureCanvas
+from matplotlib.figure import Figure
+from matplotlib.testing.decorators import image_comparison
+
+
+def test_repeated_save_with_alpha():
+    # We want an image which has a background color of bluish green, with an
+    # alpha of 0.25.
+
+    fig = Figure([1, 0.4])
+    canvas = FigureCanvas(fig)
+    fig.set_facecolor((0, 1, 0.4))
+    fig.patch.set_alpha(0.25)
+
+    # The target color is fig.patch.get_facecolor()
+
+    buf = io.BytesIO()
+
+    fig.savefig(buf,
+                facecolor=fig.get_facecolor(),
+                edgecolor='none')
+
+    # Save the figure again to check that the
+    # colors don't bleed from the previous renderer.
+    buf.seek(0)
+    fig.savefig(buf,
+                facecolor=fig.get_facecolor(),
+                edgecolor='none')
+
+    # Check the first pixel has the desired color & alpha
+    # (approx: 0, 1.0, 0.4, 0.25)
+    buf.seek(0)
+    assert_array_almost_equal(tuple(imread(buf)[0, 0]),
+                              (0.0, 1.0, 0.4, 0.250),
+                              decimal=3)
+
+
+def test_large_single_path_collection():
+    buff = io.BytesIO()
+
+    # Generates a too-large single path in a path collection that
+    # would cause a segfault if the draw_markers optimization is
+    # applied.
+    f, ax = plt.subplots()
+    collection = collections.PathCollection(
+        [path.Path([[-10, 5], [10, 5], [10, -5], [-10, -5], [-10, 5]])])
+    ax.add_artist(collection)
+    ax.set_xlim(10**-3, 1)
+    plt.savefig(buff)
+
+
+def test_marker_with_nan():
+    # This creates a marker with nans in it, which was segfaulting the
+    # Agg backend (see #3722)
+    fig, ax = plt.subplots(1)
+    steps = 1000
+    data = np.arange(steps)
+    ax.semilogx(data)
+    ax.fill_between(data, data*0.8, data*1.2)
+    buf = io.BytesIO()
+    fig.savefig(buf, format='png')
+
+
+def test_long_path():
+    buff = io.BytesIO()
+
+    fig, ax = plt.subplots()
+    np.random.seed(0)
+    points = np.random.rand(70000)
+    ax.plot(points)
+    fig.savefig(buff, format='png')
+
+
+@image_comparison(baseline_images=['agg_filter'],
+                  extensions=['png'], remove_text=True)
+def test_agg_filter():
+    def smooth1d(x, window_len):
+        s = np.r_[2*x[0] - x[window_len:1:-1],
+                  x,
+                  2*x[-1] - x[-1:-window_len:-1]]
+        w = np.hanning(window_len)
+        y = np.convolve(w/w.sum(), s, mode='same')
+        return y[window_len-1:-window_len+1]
+
+    def smooth2d(A, sigma=3):
+        window_len = max(int(sigma), 3)*2 + 1
+        A1 = np.array([smooth1d(x, window_len) for x in np.asarray(A)])
+        A2 = np.transpose(A1)
+        A3 = np.array([smooth1d(x, window_len) for x in A2])
+        A4 = np.transpose(A3)
+
+        return A4
+
+    class BaseFilter(object):
+        def prepare_image(self, src_image, dpi, pad):
+            ny, nx, depth = src_image.shape
+            padded_src = np.zeros([pad*2 + ny, pad*2 + nx, depth], dtype="d")
+            padded_src[pad:-pad, pad:-pad, :] = src_image[:, :, :]
+
+            return padded_src  # , tgt_image
+
+        def get_pad(self, dpi):
+            return 0
+
+        def __call__(self, im, dpi):
+            pad = self.get_pad(dpi)
+            padded_src = self.prepare_image(im, dpi, pad)
+            tgt_image = self.process_image(padded_src, dpi)
+            return tgt_image, -pad, -pad
+
+    class OffsetFilter(BaseFilter):
+        def __init__(self, offsets=None):
+            if offsets is None:
+                self.offsets = (0, 0)
+            else:
+                self.offsets = offsets
+
+        def get_pad(self, dpi):
+            return int(max(*self.offsets)/72.*dpi)
+
+        def process_image(self, padded_src, dpi):
+            ox, oy = self.offsets
+            a1 = np.roll(padded_src, int(ox/72.*dpi), axis=1)
+            a2 = np.roll(a1, -int(oy/72.*dpi), axis=0)
+            return a2
+
+    class GaussianFilter(BaseFilter):
+        "simple gauss filter"
+
+        def __init__(self, sigma, alpha=0.5, color=None):
+            self.sigma = sigma
+            self.alpha = alpha
+            if color is None:
+                self.color = (0, 0, 0)
+            else:
+                self.color = color
+
+        def get_pad(self, dpi):
+            return int(self.sigma*3/72.*dpi)
+
+        def process_image(self, padded_src, dpi):
+            tgt_image = np.zeros_like(padded_src)
+            aa = smooth2d(padded_src[:, :, -1]*self.alpha,
+                          self.sigma/72.*dpi)
+            tgt_image[:, :, -1] = aa
+            tgt_image[:, :, :-1] = self.color
+            return tgt_image
+
+    class DropShadowFilter(BaseFilter):
+        def __init__(self, sigma, alpha=0.3, color=None, offsets=None):
+            self.gauss_filter = GaussianFilter(sigma, alpha, color)
+            self.offset_filter = OffsetFilter(offsets)
+
+        def get_pad(self, dpi):
+            return max(self.gauss_filter.get_pad(dpi),
+                       self.offset_filter.get_pad(dpi))
+
+        def process_image(self, padded_src, dpi):
+            t1 = self.gauss_filter.process_image(padded_src, dpi)
+            t2 = self.offset_filter.process_image(t1, dpi)
+            return t2
+
+    fig = plt.figure()
+    ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
+
+    # draw lines
+    l1, = ax.plot([0.1, 0.5, 0.9], [0.1, 0.9, 0.5], "bo-",
+                  mec="b", mfc="w", lw=5, mew=3, ms=10, label="Line 1")
+    l2, = ax.plot([0.1, 0.5, 0.9], [0.5, 0.2, 0.7], "ro-",
+                  mec="r", mfc="w", lw=5, mew=3, ms=10, label="Line 1")
+
+    gauss = DropShadowFilter(4)
+
+    for l in [l1, l2]:
+
+        # draw shadows with same lines with slight offset.
+
+        xx = l.get_xdata()
+        yy = l.get_ydata()
+        shadow, = ax.plot(xx, yy)
+        shadow.update_from(l)
+
+        # offset transform
+        ot = mtransforms.offset_copy(l.get_transform(), ax.figure,
+                                     x=4.0, y=-6.0, units='points')
+
+        shadow.set_transform(ot)
+
+        # adjust zorder of the shadow lines so that it is drawn below the
+        # original lines
+        shadow.set_zorder(l.get_zorder() - 0.5)
+        shadow.set_agg_filter(gauss)
+        shadow.set_rasterized(True)  # to support mixed-mode renderers
+
+    ax.set_xlim(0., 1.)
+    ax.set_ylim(0., 1.)
+
+    ax.xaxis.set_visible(False)
+    ax.yaxis.set_visible(False)
+
+
+def test_too_large_image():
+    fig = plt.figure(figsize=(300, 1000))
+    buff = io.BytesIO()
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        fig.savefig(buff)
+
+
+def test_chunksize():
+    x = range(200)
+
+    # Test without chunksize
+    fig, ax = plt.subplots()
+    ax.plot(x, np.sin(x))
+    fig.canvas.draw()
+
+    # Test with chunksize
+    fig, ax = plt.subplots()
+    rcParams['agg.path.chunksize'] = 105
+    ax.plot(x, np.sin(x))
+    fig.canvas.draw()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.backend('Agg')
+def test_jpeg_dpi():
+    Image = pytest.importorskip("PIL.Image")
+    # Check that dpi is set correctly in jpg files.
+    plt.plot([0, 1, 2], [0, 1, 0])
+    buf = io.BytesIO()
+    plt.savefig(buf, format="jpg", dpi=200)
+    im = Image.open(buf)
+    assert im.info['dpi'] == (200, 200)
+
+
+def test_pil_kwargs_png():
+    Image = pytest.importorskip("PIL.Image")
+    from PIL.PngImagePlugin import PngInfo
+    buf = io.BytesIO()
+    pnginfo = PngInfo()
+    pnginfo.add_text("Software", "test")
+    plt.figure().savefig(buf, format="png", pil_kwargs={"pnginfo": pnginfo})
+    im = Image.open(buf)
+    assert im.info["Software"] == "test"
+
+
+def test_pil_kwargs_tiff():
+    Image = pytest.importorskip("PIL.Image")
+    from PIL.TiffTags import TAGS_V2 as TAGS
+    buf = io.BytesIO()
+    pil_kwargs = {"description": "test image"}
+    plt.figure().savefig(buf, format="tiff", pil_kwargs=pil_kwargs)
+    im = Image.open(buf)
+    tags = {TAGS[k].name: v for k, v in im.tag_v2.items()}
+    assert tags["ImageDescription"] == "test image"

HW1_Stones/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/matplotlib/tests/test_agg_filter.py

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+import numpy as np
+
+import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+from matplotlib.testing.decorators import image_comparison
+
+
+@image_comparison(baseline_images=['agg_filter_alpha'],
+                  extensions=['png', 'pdf'])
+def test_agg_filter_alpha():
+    ax = plt.axes()
+    x, y = np.mgrid[0:7, 0:8]
+    data = x**2 - y**2
+    mesh = ax.pcolormesh(data, cmap='Reds', zorder=5)
+
+    def manual_alpha(im, dpi):
+        im[:, :, 3] *= 0.6
+        print('CALLED')
+        return im, 0, 0
+
+    # Note: Doing alpha like this is not the same as setting alpha on
+    # the mesh itself. Currently meshes are drawn as independent patches,
+    # and we see fine borders around the blocks of color. See the SO
+    # question for an example: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/20678817
+    mesh.set_agg_filter(manual_alpha)
+
+    # Currently we must enable rasterization for this to have an effect in
+    # the PDF backend.
+    mesh.set_rasterized(True)
+
+    ax.plot([0, 4, 7], [1, 3, 8])

HW1_Stones/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/matplotlib/tests/test_animation.py

@@ -0,0 +1,309 @@
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import weakref
+
+import numpy as np
+from pathlib import Path
+import pytest
+
+import matplotlib as mpl
+from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
+from matplotlib import animation
+
+
+class NullMovieWriter(animation.AbstractMovieWriter):
+    """
+    A minimal MovieWriter.  It doesn't actually write anything.
+    It just saves the arguments that were given to the setup() and
+    grab_frame() methods as attributes, and counts how many times
+    grab_frame() is called.
+
+    This class doesn't have an __init__ method with the appropriate
+    signature, and it doesn't define an isAvailable() method, so
+    it cannot be added to the 'writers' registry.
+    """
+
+    def setup(self, fig, outfile, dpi, *args):
+        self.fig = fig
+        self.outfile = outfile
+        self.dpi = dpi
+        self.args = args
+        self._count = 0
+
+    def grab_frame(self, **savefig_kwargs):
+        self.savefig_kwargs = savefig_kwargs
+        self._count += 1
+
+    def finish(self):
+        pass
+
+
+def make_animation(**kwargs):
+    fig, ax = plt.subplots()
+    line, = ax.plot([])
+
+    def init():
+        pass
+
+    def animate(i):
+        line.set_data([0, 1], [0, i])
+        return line,
+
+    return animation.FuncAnimation(fig, animate, **kwargs)
+
+
+def test_null_movie_writer():
+    # Test running an animation with NullMovieWriter.
+
+    num_frames = 5
+    anim = make_animation(frames=num_frames)
+
+    filename = "unused.null"
+    dpi = 50
+    savefig_kwargs = dict(foo=0)
+    writer = NullMovieWriter()
+
+    anim.save(filename, dpi=dpi, writer=writer,
+              savefig_kwargs=savefig_kwargs)
+
+    assert writer.fig == plt.figure(1)  # The figure used by make_animation.
+    assert writer.outfile == filename
+    assert writer.dpi == dpi
+    assert writer.args == ()
+    assert writer.savefig_kwargs == savefig_kwargs
+    assert writer._count == num_frames
+
+
+def test_movie_writer_dpi_default():
+    class DummyMovieWriter(animation.MovieWriter):
+        def _run(self):
+            pass
+
+    # Test setting up movie writer with figure.dpi default.
+    fig = plt.figure()
+
+    filename = "unused.null"
+    fps = 5
+    codec = "unused"
+    bitrate = 1
+    extra_args = ["unused"]
+
+    writer = DummyMovieWriter(fps, codec, bitrate, extra_args)
+    writer.setup(fig, filename)
+    assert writer.dpi == fig.dpi
+
+
+@animation.writers.register('null')
+class RegisteredNullMovieWriter(NullMovieWriter):
+
+    # To be able to add NullMovieWriter to the 'writers' registry,
+    # we must define an __init__ method with a specific signature,
+    # and we must define the class method isAvailable().
+    # (These methods are not actually required to use an instance
+    # of this class as the 'writer' argument of Animation.save().)
+
+    def __init__(self, fps=None, codec=None, bitrate=None,
+                 extra_args=None, metadata=None):
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    def isAvailable(cls):
+        return True
+
+
+WRITER_OUTPUT = [
+    ('ffmpeg', 'movie.mp4'),
+    ('ffmpeg_file', 'movie.mp4'),
+    ('avconv', 'movie.mp4'),
+    ('avconv_file', 'movie.mp4'),
+    ('imagemagick', 'movie.gif'),
+    ('imagemagick_file', 'movie.gif'),
+    ('pillow', 'movie.gif'),
+    ('html', 'movie.html'),
+    ('null', 'movie.null')
+]
+WRITER_OUTPUT += [
+    (writer, Path(output)) for writer, output in WRITER_OUTPUT]
+
+
+# Smoke test for saving animations.  In the future, we should probably
+# design more sophisticated tests which compare resulting frames a-la
+# matplotlib.testing.image_comparison
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('writer, output', WRITER_OUTPUT)
+def test_save_animation_smoketest(tmpdir, writer, output):
+    if writer == 'pillow':
+        pytest.importorskip("PIL")
+    try:
+        # for ImageMagick the rcparams must be patched to account for
+        # 'convert' being a built in MS tool, not the imagemagick
+        # tool.
+        writer._init_from_registry()
+    except AttributeError:
+        pass
+    if not animation.writers.is_available(writer):
+        pytest.skip("writer '%s' not available on this system" % writer)
+    fig, ax = plt.subplots()
+    line, = ax.plot([], [])
+
+    ax.set_xlim(0, 10)
+    ax.set_ylim(-1, 1)
+
+    dpi = None
+    codec = None
+    if writer == 'ffmpeg':
+        # Issue #8253
+        fig.set_size_inches((10.85, 9.21))
+        dpi = 100.
+        codec = 'h264'
+
+    def init():
+        line.set_data([], [])
+        return line,
+
+    def animate(i):
+        x = np.linspace(0, 10, 100)
+        y = np.sin(x + i)
+        line.set_data(x, y)
+        return line,
+
+    # Use temporary directory for the file-based writers, which produce a file
+    # per frame with known names.
+    with tmpdir.as_cwd():
+        anim = animation.FuncAnimation(fig, animate, init_func=init, frames=5)
+        try:
+            anim.save(output, fps=30, writer=writer, bitrate=500, dpi=dpi,
+                      codec=codec)
+        except UnicodeDecodeError:
+            pytest.xfail("There can be errors in the numpy import stack, "
+                         "see issues #1891 and #2679")
+
+
+def test_no_length_frames():
+    (make_animation(frames=iter(range(5)))
+     .save('unused.null', writer=NullMovieWriter()))
+
+
+def test_movie_writer_registry():
+    ffmpeg_path = mpl.rcParams['animation.ffmpeg_path']
+    # Not sure about the first state as there could be some writer
+    # which set rcparams
+    # assert not animation.writers._dirty
+    assert len(animation.writers._registered) > 0
+    animation.writers.list()  # resets dirty state
+    assert not animation.writers._dirty
+    mpl.rcParams['animation.ffmpeg_path'] = "not_available_ever_xxxx"
+    assert animation.writers._dirty
+    animation.writers.list()  # resets
+    assert not animation.writers._dirty
+    assert not animation.writers.is_available("ffmpeg")
+    # something which is guaranteed to be available in path
+    # and exits immediately
+    bin = "true" if sys.platform != 'win32' else "where"
+    mpl.rcParams['animation.ffmpeg_path'] = bin
+    assert animation.writers._dirty
+    animation.writers.list()  # resets
+    assert not animation.writers._dirty
+    assert animation.writers.is_available("ffmpeg")
+    mpl.rcParams['animation.ffmpeg_path'] = ffmpeg_path
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(
+    not animation.writers.is_available(mpl.rcParams["animation.writer"]),
+    reason="animation writer not installed")
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("method_name", ["to_html5_video", "to_jshtml"])
+def test_embed_limit(method_name, caplog, tmpdir):
+    caplog.set_level("WARNING")
+    with tmpdir.as_cwd():
+        with mpl.rc_context({"animation.embed_limit": 1e-6}):  # ~1 byte.
+            getattr(make_animation(frames=1), method_name)()
+    assert len(caplog.records) == 1
+    record, = caplog.records
+    assert (record.name == "matplotlib.animation"
+            and record.levelname == "WARNING")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(
+    not animation.writers.is_available(mpl.rcParams["animation.writer"]),
+    reason="animation writer not installed")
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "method_name",
+    ["to_html5_video",
+     pytest.param("to_jshtml",
+                  marks=pytest.mark.xfail)])
+def test_cleanup_temporaries(method_name, tmpdir):
+    with tmpdir.as_cwd():
+        getattr(make_animation(frames=1), method_name)()
+        assert list(Path(str(tmpdir)).iterdir()) == []
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(os.name != "posix", reason="requires a POSIX OS")
+def test_failing_ffmpeg(tmpdir, monkeypatch):
+    """
+    Test that we correctly raise a CalledProcessError when ffmpeg fails.
+
+    To do so, mock ffmpeg using a simple executable shell script that
+    succeeds when called with no arguments (so that it gets registered by
+    `isAvailable`), but fails otherwise, and add it to the $PATH.
+    """
+    try:
+        with tmpdir.as_cwd():
+            monkeypatch.setenv("PATH", ".:" + os.environ["PATH"])
+            exe_path = Path(str(tmpdir), "ffmpeg")
+            exe_path.write_text("#!/bin/sh\n"
+                                "[[ $@ -eq 0 ]]\n")
+            os.chmod(str(exe_path), 0o755)
+            animation.writers.reset_available_writers()
+            with pytest.raises(subprocess.CalledProcessError):
+                make_animation().save("test.mpeg")
+    finally:
+        animation.writers.reset_available_writers()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("cache_frame_data, weakref_assertion_fn", [
+    pytest.param(
+        False, lambda ref: ref is None, id='cache_frame_data_is_disabled'),
+    pytest.param(
+        True, lambda ref: ref is not None, id='cache_frame_data_is_enabled'),
+])
+def test_funcanimation_holding_frames(cache_frame_data, weakref_assertion_fn):
+    fig, ax = plt.subplots()
+    line, = ax.plot([], [])
+
+    class Frame(dict):
+        # this subclassing enables to use weakref.ref()
+        pass
+
+    def init():
+        line.set_data([], [])
+        return line,
+
+    def animate(frame):
+        line.set_data(frame['x'], frame['y'])
+        return line,
+
+    frames_generated = []
+
+    def frames_generator():
+        for _ in range(5):
+            x = np.linspace(0, 10, 100)
+            y = np.random.rand(100)
+
+            frame = Frame(x=x, y=y)
+
+            # collect weak references to frames
+            # to validate their references later
+            frames_generated.append(weakref.ref(frame))
+
+            yield frame
+
+    anim = animation.FuncAnimation(fig, animate, init_func=init,
+                                   frames=frames_generator,
+                                   cache_frame_data=cache_frame_data)
+
+    writer = NullMovieWriter()
+    anim.save('unused.null', writer=writer)
+    assert len(frames_generated) == 5
+    for f in frames_generated:
+        assert weakref_assertion_fn(f())

HW1_Stones/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/matplotlib/tests/test_arrow_patches.py

@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+import pytest
+import platform
+import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+from matplotlib.testing.decorators import image_comparison
+import matplotlib.patches as mpatches
+
+
+def draw_arrow(ax, t, r):
+    ax.annotate('', xy=(0.5, 0.5 + r), xytext=(0.5, 0.5), size=30,
+                arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle=t,
+                                fc="b", ec='k'))
+
+
+@image_comparison(baseline_images=['fancyarrow_test_image'])
+def test_fancyarrow():
+    # Added 0 to test division by zero error described in issue 3930
+    r = [0.4, 0.3, 0.2, 0.1, 0]
+    t = ["fancy", "simple", mpatches.ArrowStyle.Fancy()]
+
+    fig, axes = plt.subplots(len(t), len(r), squeeze=False,
+                             subplot_kw=dict(aspect=True),
+                             figsize=(8, 4.5))
+
+    for i_r, r1 in enumerate(r):
+        for i_t, t1 in enumerate(t):
+            ax = axes[i_t, i_r]
+            draw_arrow(ax, t1, r1)
+            ax.tick_params(labelleft=False, labelbottom=False)
+
+
+@image_comparison(baseline_images=['boxarrow_test_image'], extensions=['png'])
+def test_boxarrow():
+
+    styles = mpatches.BoxStyle.get_styles()
+
+    n = len(styles)
+    spacing = 1.2
+
+    figheight = (n * spacing + .5)
+    fig = plt.figure(figsize=(4 / 1.5, figheight / 1.5))
+
+    fontsize = 0.3 * 72
+
+    for i, stylename in enumerate(sorted(styles)):
+        fig.text(0.5, ((n - i) * spacing - 0.5)/figheight, stylename,
+                  ha="center",
+                  size=fontsize,
+                  transform=fig.transFigure,
+                  bbox=dict(boxstyle=stylename, fc="w", ec="k"))
+
+
+def __prepare_fancyarrow_dpi_cor_test():
+    """
+    Convenience function that prepares and returns a FancyArrowPatch. It aims
+    at being used to test that the size of the arrow head does not depend on
+    the DPI value of the exported picture.
+
+    NB: this function *is not* a test in itself!
+    """
+    fig2 = plt.figure("fancyarrow_dpi_cor_test", figsize=(4, 3), dpi=50)
+    ax = fig2.add_subplot(111)
+    ax.set_xlim([0, 1])
+    ax.set_ylim([0, 1])
+    ax.add_patch(mpatches.FancyArrowPatch(posA=(0.3, 0.4), posB=(0.8, 0.6),
+                                          lw=3, arrowstyle='->',
+                                          mutation_scale=100))
+    return fig2
+
+
+@image_comparison(baseline_images=['fancyarrow_dpi_cor_100dpi'],
+                  remove_text=True, extensions=['png'],
+                  tol={'aarch64': 0.02}.get(platform.machine(), 0.0),
+                  savefig_kwarg=dict(dpi=100))
+def test_fancyarrow_dpi_cor_100dpi():
+    """
+    Check the export of a FancyArrowPatch @ 100 DPI. FancyArrowPatch is
+    instantiated through a dedicated function because another similar test
+    checks a similar export but with a different DPI value.
+
+    Remark: test only a rasterized format.
+    """
+
+    __prepare_fancyarrow_dpi_cor_test()
+
+
+@image_comparison(baseline_images=['fancyarrow_dpi_cor_200dpi'],
+                  remove_text=True, extensions=['png'],
+                  tol={'aarch64': 0.02}.get(platform.machine(), 0.0),
+                  savefig_kwarg=dict(dpi=200))
+def test_fancyarrow_dpi_cor_200dpi():
+    """
+    As test_fancyarrow_dpi_cor_100dpi, but exports @ 200 DPI. The relative size
+    of the arrow head should be the same.
+    """
+
+    __prepare_fancyarrow_dpi_cor_test()
+
+
+@image_comparison(baseline_images=['fancyarrow_dash'],
+                  remove_text=True, extensions=['png'],
+                  style='default')
+def test_fancyarrow_dash():
+    from matplotlib.patches import FancyArrowPatch
+    fig, ax = plt.subplots()
+
+    e = FancyArrowPatch((0, 0), (0.5, 0.5),
+                        arrowstyle='-|>',
+                        connectionstyle='angle3,angleA=0,angleB=90',
+                        mutation_scale=10.0,
+                        linewidth=2,
+                        linestyle='dashed',
+                        color='k')
+
+    e2 = FancyArrowPatch((0, 0), (0.5, 0.5),
+                         arrowstyle='-|>',
+                         connectionstyle='angle3',
+                         mutation_scale=10.0,
+                         linewidth=2,
+                         linestyle='dotted',
+                         color='k')
+    ax.add_patch(e)
+    ax.add_patch(e2)
+
+
+@image_comparison(baseline_images=['arrow_styles'], extensions=['png'],
+                  style='mpl20', remove_text=True)
+def test_arrow_styles():
+    styles = mpatches.ArrowStyle.get_styles()
+
+    n = len(styles)
+    fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(6, 10))
+    ax.set_xlim(0, 1)
+    ax.set_ylim(-1, n)
+
+    for i, stylename in enumerate(sorted(styles)):
+        patch = mpatches.FancyArrowPatch((0.1, i), (0.8, i),
+                                         arrowstyle=stylename,
+                                         mutation_scale=25)
+        ax.add_patch(patch)
+
+
+@image_comparison(baseline_images=['connection_styles'], extensions=['png'],
+                  style='mpl20', remove_text=True)
+def test_connection_styles():
+    styles = mpatches.ConnectionStyle.get_styles()
+
+    n = len(styles)
+    fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(6, 10))
+    ax.set_xlim(0, 1)
+    ax.set_ylim(-1, n)
+
+    for i, stylename in enumerate(sorted(styles)):
+        patch = mpatches.FancyArrowPatch((0.1, i), (0.8, i + 0.5),
+                                         arrowstyle="->",
+                                         connectionstyle=stylename,
+                                         mutation_scale=25)
+        ax.add_patch(patch)
+
+
+def test_invalid_intersection():
+    conn_style_1 = mpatches.ConnectionStyle.Angle3(angleA=20, angleB=200)
+    p1 = mpatches.FancyArrowPatch((.2, .2), (.5, .5),
+                                  connectionstyle=conn_style_1)
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        plt.gca().add_patch(p1)
+
+    conn_style_2 = mpatches.ConnectionStyle.Angle3(angleA=20, angleB=199.9)
+    p2 = mpatches.FancyArrowPatch((.2, .2), (.5, .5),
+                                  connectionstyle=conn_style_2)
+    plt.gca().add_patch(p2)

HW1_Stones/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/matplotlib/tests/test_artist.py

@@ -0,0 +1,286 @@
+import io
+from itertools import chain
+import warnings
+
+import numpy as np
+
+import pytest
+
+import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+import matplotlib.patches as mpatches
+import matplotlib.lines as mlines
+import matplotlib.path as mpath
+import matplotlib.transforms as mtransforms
+import matplotlib.collections as mcollections
+import matplotlib.artist as martist
+from matplotlib.testing.decorators import image_comparison
+
+
+def test_patch_transform_of_none():
+    # tests the behaviour of patches added to an Axes with various transform
+    # specifications
+
+    ax = plt.axes()
+    ax.set_xlim([1, 3])
+    ax.set_ylim([1, 3])
+
+    # Draw an ellipse over data coord (2,2) by specifying device coords.
+    xy_data = (2, 2)
+    xy_pix = ax.transData.transform_point(xy_data)
+
+    # Not providing a transform of None puts the ellipse in data coordinates .
+    e = mpatches.Ellipse(xy_data, width=1, height=1, fc='yellow', alpha=0.5)
+    ax.add_patch(e)
+    assert e._transform == ax.transData
+
+    # Providing a transform of None puts the ellipse in device coordinates.
+    e = mpatches.Ellipse(xy_pix, width=120, height=120, fc='coral',
+                         transform=None, alpha=0.5)
+    assert e.is_transform_set()
+    ax.add_patch(e)
+    assert isinstance(e._transform, mtransforms.IdentityTransform)
+
+    # Providing an IdentityTransform puts the ellipse in device coordinates.
+    e = mpatches.Ellipse(xy_pix, width=100, height=100,
+                         transform=mtransforms.IdentityTransform(), alpha=0.5)
+    ax.add_patch(e)
+    assert isinstance(e._transform, mtransforms.IdentityTransform)
+
+    # Not providing a transform, and then subsequently "get_transform" should
+    # not mean that "is_transform_set".
+    e = mpatches.Ellipse(xy_pix, width=120, height=120, fc='coral',
+                         alpha=0.5)
+    intermediate_transform = e.get_transform()
+    assert not e.is_transform_set()
+    ax.add_patch(e)
+    assert e.get_transform() != intermediate_transform
+    assert e.is_transform_set()
+    assert e._transform == ax.transData
+
+
+def test_collection_transform_of_none():
+    # tests the behaviour of collections added to an Axes with various
+    # transform specifications
+
+    ax = plt.axes()
+    ax.set_xlim([1, 3])
+    ax.set_ylim([1, 3])
+
+    # draw an ellipse over data coord (2,2) by specifying device coords
+    xy_data = (2, 2)
+    xy_pix = ax.transData.transform_point(xy_data)
+
+    # not providing a transform of None puts the ellipse in data coordinates
+    e = mpatches.Ellipse(xy_data, width=1, height=1)
+    c = mcollections.PatchCollection([e], facecolor='yellow', alpha=0.5)
+    ax.add_collection(c)
+    # the collection should be in data coordinates
+    assert c.get_offset_transform() + c.get_transform() == ax.transData
+
+    # providing a transform of None puts the ellipse in device coordinates
+    e = mpatches.Ellipse(xy_pix, width=120, height=120)
+    c = mcollections.PatchCollection([e], facecolor='coral',
+                                     alpha=0.5)
+    c.set_transform(None)
+    ax.add_collection(c)
+    assert isinstance(c.get_transform(), mtransforms.IdentityTransform)
+
+    # providing an IdentityTransform puts the ellipse in device coordinates
+    e = mpatches.Ellipse(xy_pix, width=100, height=100)
+    c = mcollections.PatchCollection([e],
+                                 transform=mtransforms.IdentityTransform(),
+                                 alpha=0.5)
+    ax.add_collection(c)
+    assert isinstance(c._transOffset, mtransforms.IdentityTransform)
+
+
+@image_comparison(baseline_images=["clip_path_clipping"], remove_text=True)
+def test_clipping():
+    exterior = mpath.Path.unit_rectangle().deepcopy()
+    exterior.vertices *= 4
+    exterior.vertices -= 2
+    interior = mpath.Path.unit_circle().deepcopy()
+    interior.vertices = interior.vertices[::-1]
+    clip_path = mpath.Path(vertices=np.concatenate([exterior.vertices,
+                                                    interior.vertices]),
+                           codes=np.concatenate([exterior.codes,
+                                                 interior.codes]))
+
+    star = mpath.Path.unit_regular_star(6).deepcopy()
+    star.vertices *= 2.6
+
+    ax1 = plt.subplot(121)
+    col = mcollections.PathCollection([star], lw=5, edgecolor='blue',
+                                      facecolor='red', alpha=0.7, hatch='*')
+    col.set_clip_path(clip_path, ax1.transData)
+    ax1.add_collection(col)
+
+    ax2 = plt.subplot(122, sharex=ax1, sharey=ax1)
+    patch = mpatches.PathPatch(star, lw=5, edgecolor='blue', facecolor='red',
+                               alpha=0.7, hatch='*')
+    patch.set_clip_path(clip_path, ax2.transData)
+    ax2.add_patch(patch)
+
+    ax1.set_xlim([-3, 3])
+    ax1.set_ylim([-3, 3])
+
+
+def test_cull_markers():
+    x = np.random.random(20000)
+    y = np.random.random(20000)
+
+    fig, ax = plt.subplots()
+    ax.plot(x, y, 'k.')
+    ax.set_xlim(2, 3)
+
+    pdf = io.BytesIO()
+    fig.savefig(pdf, format="pdf")
+    assert len(pdf.getvalue()) < 8000
+
+    svg = io.BytesIO()
+    fig.savefig(svg, format="svg")
+    assert len(svg.getvalue()) < 20000
+
+
+@image_comparison(baseline_images=['hatching'], remove_text=True,
+                  style='default')
+def test_hatching():
+    fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 1)
+
+    # Default hatch color.
+    rect1 = mpatches.Rectangle((0, 0), 3, 4, hatch='/')
+    ax.add_patch(rect1)
+
+    rect2 = mcollections.RegularPolyCollection(4, sizes=[16000],
+                                               offsets=[(1.5, 6.5)],
+                                               transOffset=ax.transData,
+                                               hatch='/')
+    ax.add_collection(rect2)
+
+    # Ensure edge color is not applied to hatching.
+    rect3 = mpatches.Rectangle((4, 0), 3, 4, hatch='/', edgecolor='C1')
+    ax.add_patch(rect3)
+
+    rect4 = mcollections.RegularPolyCollection(4, sizes=[16000],
+                                               offsets=[(5.5, 6.5)],
+                                               transOffset=ax.transData,
+                                               hatch='/', edgecolor='C1')
+    ax.add_collection(rect4)
+
+    ax.set_xlim(0, 7)
+    ax.set_ylim(0, 9)
+
+
+def test_remove():
+    fig, ax = plt.subplots()
+    im = ax.imshow(np.arange(36).reshape(6, 6))
+    ln, = ax.plot(range(5))
+
+    assert fig.stale
+    assert ax.stale
+
+    fig.canvas.draw()
+    assert not fig.stale
+    assert not ax.stale
+    assert not ln.stale
+
+    assert im in ax._mouseover_set
+    assert ln not in ax._mouseover_set
+    assert im.axes is ax
+
+    im.remove()
+    ln.remove()
+
+    for art in [im, ln]:
+        assert art.axes is None
+        assert art.figure is None
+
+    assert im not in ax._mouseover_set
+    assert fig.stale
+    assert ax.stale
+
+
+@image_comparison(baseline_images=["default_edges"], remove_text=True,
+                  extensions=['png'], style='default')
+def test_default_edges():
+    fig, [[ax1, ax2], [ax3, ax4]] = plt.subplots(2, 2)
+
+    ax1.plot(np.arange(10), np.arange(10), 'x',
+             np.arange(10) + 1, np.arange(10), 'o')
+    ax2.bar(np.arange(10), np.arange(10), align='edge')
+    ax3.text(0, 0, "BOX", size=24, bbox=dict(boxstyle='sawtooth'))
+    ax3.set_xlim((-1, 1))
+    ax3.set_ylim((-1, 1))
+    pp1 = mpatches.PathPatch(
+        mpath.Path([(0, 0), (1, 0), (1, 1), (0, 0)],
+                   [mpath.Path.MOVETO, mpath.Path.CURVE3,
+                    mpath.Path.CURVE3, mpath.Path.CLOSEPOLY]),
+        fc="none", transform=ax4.transData)
+    ax4.add_patch(pp1)
+
+
+def test_properties():
+    ln = mlines.Line2D([], [])
+    with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
+        # Cause all warnings to always be triggered.
+        warnings.simplefilter("always")
+        ln.properties()
+        assert len(w) == 0
+
+
+def test_setp():
+    # Check empty list
+    plt.setp([])
+    plt.setp([[]])
+
+    # Check arbitrary iterables
+    fig, axes = plt.subplots()
+    lines1 = axes.plot(range(3))
+    lines2 = axes.plot(range(3))
+    martist.setp(chain(lines1, lines2), 'lw', 5)
+    plt.setp(axes.spines.values(), color='green')
+
+    # Check `file` argument
+    sio = io.StringIO()
+    plt.setp(lines1, 'zorder', file=sio)
+    assert sio.getvalue() == '  zorder: float\n'
+
+
+def test_None_zorder():
+    fig, ax = plt.subplots()
+    ln, = ax.plot(range(5), zorder=None)
+    assert ln.get_zorder() == mlines.Line2D.zorder
+    ln.set_zorder(123456)
+    assert ln.get_zorder() == 123456
+    ln.set_zorder(None)
+    assert ln.get_zorder() == mlines.Line2D.zorder
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('accept_clause, expected', [
+    ('', 'unknown'),
+    ("ACCEPTS: [ '-' | '--' | '-.' ]", "[ '-' | '--' | '-.' ]"),
+    ('ACCEPTS: Some description.', 'Some description.'),
+    ('.. ACCEPTS: Some description.', 'Some description.'),
+    ('arg : int', 'int'),
+    ('*arg : int', 'int'),
+    ('arg : int\nACCEPTS: Something else.', 'Something else. '),
+])
+def test_artist_inspector_get_valid_values(accept_clause, expected):
+    class TestArtist(martist.Artist):
+        def set_f(self, arg):
+            pass
+
+    TestArtist.set_f.__doc__ = """
+    Some text.
+
+    %s
+    """ % accept_clause
+    valid_values = martist.ArtistInspector(TestArtist).get_valid_values('f')
+    assert valid_values == expected
+
+
+def test_artist_inspector_get_aliases():
+    # test the correct format and type of get_aliases method
+    ai = martist.ArtistInspector(mlines.Line2D)
+    aliases = ai.get_aliases()
+    assert aliases["linewidth"] == {"lw"}

HW1_Stones/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/matplotlib/tests/test_backend_bases.py

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+import re
+
+from matplotlib.backend_bases import (
+    FigureCanvasBase, LocationEvent, RendererBase)
+import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+import matplotlib.transforms as transforms
+import matplotlib.path as path
+import os
+import numpy as np
+import pytest
+
+
+def test_uses_per_path():
+    id = transforms.Affine2D()
+    paths = [path.Path.unit_regular_polygon(i) for i in range(3, 7)]
+    tforms = [id.rotate(i) for i in range(1, 5)]
+    offsets = np.arange(20).reshape((10, 2))
+    facecolors = ['red', 'green']
+    edgecolors = ['red', 'green']
+
+    def check(master_transform, paths, all_transforms,
+              offsets, facecolors, edgecolors):
+        rb = RendererBase()
+        raw_paths = list(rb._iter_collection_raw_paths(
+            master_transform, paths, all_transforms))
+        gc = rb.new_gc()
+        ids = [path_id for xo, yo, path_id, gc0, rgbFace in
+               rb._iter_collection(gc, master_transform, all_transforms,
+                                   range(len(raw_paths)), offsets,
+                                   transforms.IdentityTransform(),
+                                   facecolors, edgecolors, [], [], [False],
+                                   [], 'data')]
+        uses = rb._iter_collection_uses_per_path(
+            paths, all_transforms, offsets, facecolors, edgecolors)
+        if raw_paths:
+            seen = np.bincount(ids, minlength=len(raw_paths))
+            assert set(seen).issubset([uses - 1, uses])
+
+    check(id, paths, tforms, offsets, facecolors, edgecolors)
+    check(id, paths[0:1], tforms, offsets, facecolors, edgecolors)
+    check(id, [], tforms, offsets, facecolors, edgecolors)
+    check(id, paths, tforms[0:1], offsets, facecolors, edgecolors)
+    check(id, paths, [], offsets, facecolors, edgecolors)
+    for n in range(0, offsets.shape[0]):
+        check(id, paths, tforms, offsets[0:n, :], facecolors, edgecolors)
+    check(id, paths, tforms, offsets, [], edgecolors)
+    check(id, paths, tforms, offsets, facecolors, [])
+    check(id, paths, tforms, offsets, [], [])
+    check(id, paths, tforms, offsets, facecolors[0:1], edgecolors)
+
+
+def test_get_default_filename(tmpdir):
+    plt.rcParams['savefig.directory'] = str(tmpdir)
+    fig = plt.figure()
+    canvas = FigureCanvasBase(fig)
+    filename = canvas.get_default_filename()
+    assert filename == 'image.png'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.backend('pdf')
+def test_non_gui_warning(monkeypatch):
+    plt.subplots()
+
+    monkeypatch.setitem(os.environ, "DISPLAY", ":999")
+
+    with pytest.warns(UserWarning) as rec:
+        plt.show()
+        assert len(rec) == 1
+        assert ('Matplotlib is currently using pdf, which is a non-GUI backend'
+                in str(rec[0].message))
+
+    with pytest.warns(UserWarning) as rec:
+        plt.gcf().show()
+        assert len(rec) == 1
+        assert ('Matplotlib is currently using pdf, which is a non-GUI backend'
+                in str(rec[0].message))
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "x, y", [(42, 24), (None, 42), (None, None), (200, 100.01), (205.75, 2.0)])
+def test_location_event_position(x, y):
+    # LocationEvent should cast its x and y arguments to int unless it is None.
+    fig, ax = plt.subplots()
+    canvas = FigureCanvasBase(fig)
+    event = LocationEvent("test_event", canvas, x, y)
+    if x is None:
+        assert event.x is None
+    else:
+        assert event.x == int(x)
+        assert isinstance(event.x, int)
+    if y is None:
+        assert event.y is None
+    else:
+        assert event.y == int(y)
+        assert isinstance(event.y, int)
+    if x is not None and y is not None:
+        assert re.match(
+            "x={} +y={}".format(ax.format_xdata(x), ax.format_ydata(y)),
+            ax.format_coord(x, y))
+        ax.fmt_xdata = ax.fmt_ydata = lambda x: "foo"
+        assert re.match("x=foo +y=foo", ax.format_coord(x, y))

HW1_Stones/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/matplotlib/tests/test_backend_cairo.py

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+import numpy as np
+from io import BytesIO
+import os
+import tempfile
+import warnings
+import xml.parsers.expat
+
+import pytest
+
+import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+from matplotlib.testing.decorators import check_figures_equal
+import matplotlib
+from matplotlib import (
+    collections as mcollections, patches as mpatches, path as mpath)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.backend('cairo')
+@check_figures_equal(extensions=["png"])
+def test_patch_alpha_coloring(fig_test, fig_ref):
+    """
+    Test checks that the patch and collection are rendered with the specified
+    alpha values in their facecolor and edgecolor.
+    """
+    star = mpath.Path.unit_regular_star(6)
+    circle = mpath.Path.unit_circle()
+    # concatenate the star with an internal cutout of the circle
+    verts = np.concatenate([circle.vertices, star.vertices[::-1]])
+    codes = np.concatenate([circle.codes, star.codes])
+    cut_star1 = mpath.Path(verts, codes)
+    cut_star2 = mpath.Path(verts + 1, codes)
+
+    # Reference: two separate patches
+    ax = fig_ref.subplots()
+    ax.set_xlim([-1, 2])
+    ax.set_ylim([-1, 2])
+    patch = mpatches.PathPatch(cut_star1,
+                               linewidth=5, linestyle='dashdot',
+                               facecolor=(1, 0, 0, 0.5),
+                               edgecolor=(0, 0, 1, 0.75))
+    ax.add_patch(patch)
+    patch = mpatches.PathPatch(cut_star2,
+                               linewidth=5, linestyle='dashdot',
+                               facecolor=(1, 0, 0, 0.5),
+                               edgecolor=(0, 0, 1, 0.75))
+    ax.add_patch(patch)
+
+    # Test: path collection
+    ax = fig_test.subplots()
+    ax.set_xlim([-1, 2])
+    ax.set_ylim([-1, 2])
+    col = mcollections.PathCollection([cut_star1, cut_star2],
+                                      linewidth=5, linestyles='dashdot',
+                                      facecolor=(1, 0, 0, 0.5),
+                                      edgecolor=(0, 0, 1, 0.75))
+    ax.add_collection(col)

HW1_Stones/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/matplotlib/tests/test_backend_nbagg.py

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+from pathlib import Path
+import subprocess
+import tempfile
+
+import pytest
+
+nbformat = pytest.importorskip('nbformat')
+
+# From https://blog.thedataincubator.com/2016/06/testing-jupyter-notebooks/
+
+
+def _notebook_run(nb_file):
+    """Execute a notebook via nbconvert and collect output.
+       :returns (parsed nb object, execution errors)
+    """
+    with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".ipynb", mode='w+t') as fout:
+        subprocess.check_call([
+            "jupyter", "nbconvert", "--to", "notebook",
+            "--execute", "--ExecutePreprocessor.timeout=500",
+            "--output", fout.name, nb_file,
+        ])
+        fout.seek(0)
+        nb = nbformat.read(fout, nbformat.current_nbformat)
+
+    errors = [output for cell in nb.cells if "outputs" in cell
+                     for output in cell["outputs"]
+                     if output.output_type == "error"]
+    return nb, errors
+
+
+def test_ipynb():
+    nb, errors = _notebook_run(Path(__file__).parent / 'test_nbagg_01.ipynb')
+    assert errors == []

HW1_Stones/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/matplotlib/tests/test_backend_pdf.py

@@ -0,0 +1,243 @@
+import io
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+import sys
+import tempfile
+import warnings
+
+import numpy as np
+import pytest
+
+from matplotlib import dviread, pyplot as plt, checkdep_usetex, rcParams
+from matplotlib.backends.backend_pdf import PdfPages
+from matplotlib.testing.compare import compare_images
+from matplotlib.testing.decorators import image_comparison
+from matplotlib.testing.determinism import (_determinism_source_date_epoch,
+                                            _determinism_check)
+
+
+with warnings.catch_warnings():
+    warnings.simplefilter('ignore')
+    needs_usetex = pytest.mark.skipif(
+        not checkdep_usetex(True),
+        reason="This test needs a TeX installation")
+
+
+@image_comparison(baseline_images=['pdf_use14corefonts'],
+                  extensions=['pdf'])
+def test_use14corefonts():
+    rcParams['pdf.use14corefonts'] = True
+    rcParams['font.family'] = 'sans-serif'
+    rcParams['font.size'] = 8
+    rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['Helvetica']
+    rcParams['pdf.compression'] = 0
+
+    text = '''A three-line text positioned just above a blue line
+and containing some French characters and the euro symbol:
+"Merci pépé pour les 10 €"'''
+
+    fig = plt.figure()
+    ax = fig.add_subplot(1, 1, 1)
+    ax.set_title('Test PDF backend with option use14corefonts=True')
+    ax.text(0.5, 0.5, text, horizontalalignment='center',
+            verticalalignment='bottom',
+            fontsize=14)
+    ax.axhline(0.5, linewidth=0.5)
+
+
+def test_type42():
+    rcParams['pdf.fonttype'] = 42
+
+    fig = plt.figure()
+    ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
+    ax.plot([1, 2, 3])
+    fig.savefig(io.BytesIO())
+
+
+def test_multipage_pagecount():
+    with PdfPages(io.BytesIO()) as pdf:
+        assert pdf.get_pagecount() == 0
+        fig = plt.figure()
+        ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
+        ax.plot([1, 2, 3])
+        fig.savefig(pdf, format="pdf")
+        assert pdf.get_pagecount() == 1
+        pdf.savefig()
+        assert pdf.get_pagecount() == 2
+
+
+def test_multipage_properfinalize():
+    pdfio = io.BytesIO()
+    with PdfPages(pdfio) as pdf:
+        for i in range(10):
+            fig = plt.figure()
+            ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
+            ax.set_title('This is a long title')
+            fig.savefig(pdf, format="pdf")
+    pdfio.seek(0)
+    assert sum(b'startxref' in line for line in pdfio) == 1
+    assert sys.getsizeof(pdfio) < 40000
+
+
+def test_multipage_keep_empty():
+    from matplotlib.backends.backend_pdf import PdfPages
+    from tempfile import NamedTemporaryFile
+    # test empty pdf files
+    # test that an empty pdf is left behind with keep_empty=True (default)
+    with NamedTemporaryFile(delete=False) as tmp:
+        with PdfPages(tmp) as pdf:
+            filename = pdf._file.fh.name
+        assert os.path.exists(filename)
+    os.remove(filename)
+    # test if an empty pdf is deleting itself afterwards with keep_empty=False
+    with PdfPages(filename, keep_empty=False) as pdf:
+        pass
+    assert not os.path.exists(filename)
+    # test pdf files with content, they should never be deleted
+    fig = plt.figure()
+    ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
+    ax.plot([1, 2, 3])
+    # test that a non-empty pdf is left behind with keep_empty=True (default)
+    with NamedTemporaryFile(delete=False) as tmp:
+        with PdfPages(tmp) as pdf:
+            filename = pdf._file.fh.name
+            pdf.savefig()
+        assert os.path.exists(filename)
+    os.remove(filename)
+    # test that a non-empty pdf is left behind with keep_empty=False
+    with NamedTemporaryFile(delete=False) as tmp:
+        with PdfPages(tmp, keep_empty=False) as pdf:
+            filename = pdf._file.fh.name
+            pdf.savefig()
+        assert os.path.exists(filename)
+    os.remove(filename)
+
+
+def test_composite_image():
+    # Test that figures can be saved with and without combining multiple images
+    # (on a single set of axes) into a single composite image.
+    X, Y = np.meshgrid(np.arange(-5, 5, 1), np.arange(-5, 5, 1))
+    Z = np.sin(Y ** 2)
+    fig = plt.figure()
+    ax = fig.add_subplot(1, 1, 1)
+    ax.set_xlim(0, 3)
+    ax.imshow(Z, extent=[0, 1, 0, 1])
+    ax.imshow(Z[::-1], extent=[2, 3, 0, 1])
+    plt.rcParams['image.composite_image'] = True
+    with PdfPages(io.BytesIO()) as pdf:
+        fig.savefig(pdf, format="pdf")
+        assert len(pdf._file._images) == 1
+    plt.rcParams['image.composite_image'] = False
+    with PdfPages(io.BytesIO()) as pdf:
+        fig.savefig(pdf, format="pdf")
+        assert len(pdf._file._images) == 2
+
+
+def test_pdfpages_fspath():
+    with PdfPages(Path(os.devnull)) as pdf:
+        pdf.savefig(plt.figure())
+
+
+def test_source_date_epoch():
+    """Test SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH support for PDF output"""
+    _determinism_source_date_epoch("pdf", b"/CreationDate (D:20000101000000Z)")
+
+
+def test_determinism_plain():
+    """Test for reproducible PDF output: simple figure"""
+    _determinism_check('', format="pdf")
+
+
+def test_determinism_images():
+    """Test for reproducible PDF output: figure with different images"""
+    _determinism_check('i', format="pdf")
+
+
+def test_determinism_hatches():
+    """Test for reproducible PDF output: figure with different hatches"""
+    _determinism_check('h', format="pdf")
+
+
+def test_determinism_markers():
+    """Test for reproducible PDF output: figure with different markers"""
+    _determinism_check('m', format="pdf")
+
+
+def test_determinism_all():
+    """Test for reproducible PDF output"""
+    _determinism_check(format="pdf")
+
+
+@image_comparison(baseline_images=['hatching_legend'],
+                  extensions=['pdf'])
+def test_hatching_legend():
+    """Test for correct hatching on patches in legend"""
+    fig = plt.figure(figsize=(1, 2))
+
+    a = plt.Rectangle([0, 0], 0, 0, facecolor="green", hatch="XXXX")
+    b = plt.Rectangle([0, 0], 0, 0, facecolor="blue", hatch="XXXX")
+
+    fig.legend([a, b, a, b], ["", "", "", ""])
+
+
+@image_comparison(baseline_images=['grayscale_alpha'],
+                  extensions=['pdf'])
+def test_grayscale_alpha():
+    """Masking images with NaN did not work for grayscale images"""
+    x, y = np.ogrid[-2:2:.1, -2:2:.1]
+    dd = np.exp(-(x**2 + y**2))
+    dd[dd < .1] = np.nan
+    fig, ax = plt.subplots()
+    ax.imshow(dd, interpolation='none', cmap='gray_r')
+    ax.set_xticks([])
+    ax.set_yticks([])
+
+
+# This tests tends to hit a TeX cache lock on AppVeyor.
+@pytest.mark.flaky(reruns=3)
+@needs_usetex
+def test_missing_psfont(monkeypatch):
+    """An error is raised if a TeX font lacks a Type-1 equivalent"""
+    def psfont(*args, **kwargs):
+        return dviread.PsFont(texname='texfont', psname='Some Font',
+                              effects=None, encoding=None, filename=None)
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(dviread.PsfontsMap, '__getitem__', psfont)
+    rcParams['text.usetex'] = True
+    fig, ax = plt.subplots()
+    ax.text(0.5, 0.5, 'hello')
+    with tempfile.TemporaryFile() as tmpfile, pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        fig.savefig(tmpfile, format='pdf')
+
+
+@pytest.mark.style('default')
+def test_pdf_savefig_when_color_is_none(tmpdir):
+    fig, ax = plt.subplots()
+    plt.axis('off')
+    ax.plot(np.sin(np.linspace(-5, 5, 100)), 'v', c='none')
+    actual_image = tmpdir.join('figure.pdf')
+    expected_image = tmpdir.join('figure.eps')
+    fig.savefig(str(actual_image), format='pdf')
+    fig.savefig(str(expected_image), format='eps')
+    result = compare_images(str(actual_image), str(expected_image), 0)
+    assert result is None
+
+
+@needs_usetex
+def test_failing_latex(tmpdir):
+    """Test failing latex subprocess call"""
+    path = str(tmpdir.join("tmpoutput.pdf"))
+
+    rcParams['text.usetex'] = True
+
+    # This fails with "Double subscript"
+    plt.xlabel("$22_2_2$")
+    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError):
+        plt.savefig(path)
+
+
+def test_empty_rasterized():
+    # Check that empty figures that are rasterised save to pdf files fine
+    fig, ax = plt.subplots()
+    ax.plot([], [], rasterized=True)
+    fig.savefig(io.BytesIO(), format="pdf")

HW1_Stones/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/matplotlib/tests/test_backend_pgf.py

@@ -0,0 +1,272 @@
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+import shutil
+import subprocess
+from tempfile import TemporaryDirectory
+
+import numpy as np
+import pytest
+
+import matplotlib as mpl
+import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+from matplotlib.testing.compare import compare_images, ImageComparisonFailure
+from matplotlib.testing.decorators import image_comparison, _image_directories
+from matplotlib.backends.backend_pgf import PdfPages
+
+baseline_dir, result_dir = _image_directories(lambda: 'dummy func')
+
+
+def check_for(texsystem):
+    with TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
+        tex_path = Path(tmpdir, "test.tex")
+        tex_path.write_text(r"""
+            \documentclass{minimal}
+            \usepackage{pgf}
+            \begin{document}
+            \typeout{pgfversion=\pgfversion}
+            \makeatletter
+            \@@end
+        """)
+        try:
+            subprocess.check_call(
+                [texsystem, "-halt-on-error", str(tex_path)], cwd=tmpdir,
+                stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL)
+        except (OSError, subprocess.CalledProcessError):
+            return False
+        return True
+
+
+needs_xelatex = pytest.mark.skipif(not check_for('xelatex'),
+                                   reason='xelatex + pgf is required')
+needs_pdflatex = pytest.mark.skipif(not check_for('pdflatex'),
+                                    reason='pdflatex + pgf is required')
+needs_lualatex = pytest.mark.skipif(not check_for('lualatex'),
+                                    reason='lualatex + pgf is required')
+
+
+def compare_figure(fname, savefig_kwargs={}, tol=0):
+    actual = os.path.join(result_dir, fname)
+    plt.savefig(actual, **savefig_kwargs)
+
+    expected = os.path.join(result_dir, "expected_%s" % fname)
+    shutil.copyfile(os.path.join(baseline_dir, fname), expected)
+    err = compare_images(expected, actual, tol=tol)
+    if err:
+        raise ImageComparisonFailure(err)
+
+
+def create_figure():
+    plt.figure()
+    x = np.linspace(0, 1, 15)
+
+    # line plot
+    plt.plot(x, x ** 2, "b-")
+
+    # marker
+    plt.plot(x, 1 - x**2, "g>")
+
+    # filled paths and patterns
+    plt.fill_between([0., .4], [.4, 0.], hatch='//', facecolor="lightgray",
+                     edgecolor="red")
+    plt.fill([3, 3, .8, .8, 3], [2, -2, -2, 0, 2], "b")
+
+    # text and typesetting
+    plt.plot([0.9], [0.5], "ro", markersize=3)
+    plt.text(0.9, 0.5, 'unicode (ü, °, µ) and math ($\\mu_i = x_i^2$)',
+             ha='right', fontsize=20)
+    plt.ylabel('sans-serif, blue, $\\frac{\\sqrt{x}}{y^2}$..',
+               family='sans-serif', color='blue')
+
+    plt.xlim(0, 1)
+    plt.ylim(0, 1)
+
+
+# test compiling a figure to pdf with xelatex
+@needs_xelatex
+@pytest.mark.backend('pgf')
+@image_comparison(baseline_images=['pgf_xelatex'], extensions=['pdf'],
+                  style='default')
+def test_xelatex():
+    rc_xelatex = {'font.family': 'serif',
+                  'pgf.rcfonts': False}
+    mpl.rcParams.update(rc_xelatex)
+    create_figure()
+
+
+# test compiling a figure to pdf with pdflatex
+@needs_pdflatex
+@pytest.mark.backend('pgf')
+@image_comparison(baseline_images=['pgf_pdflatex'], extensions=['pdf'],
+                  style='default')
+def test_pdflatex():
+    if os.environ.get('APPVEYOR', False):
+        pytest.xfail("pdflatex test does not work on appveyor due to missing "
+                     "LaTeX fonts")
+
+    rc_pdflatex = {'font.family': 'serif',
+                   'pgf.rcfonts': False,
+                   'pgf.texsystem': 'pdflatex',
+                   'pgf.preamble': ['\\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}',
+                                    '\\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}']}
+    mpl.rcParams.update(rc_pdflatex)
+    create_figure()
+
+
+# test updating the rc parameters for each figure
+@needs_xelatex
+@needs_pdflatex
+@pytest.mark.style('default')
+@pytest.mark.backend('pgf')
+def test_rcupdate():
+    rc_sets = [{'font.family': 'sans-serif',
+                'font.size': 30,
+                'figure.subplot.left': .2,
+                'lines.markersize': 10,
+                'pgf.rcfonts': False,
+                'pgf.texsystem': 'xelatex'},
+               {'font.family': 'monospace',
+                'font.size': 10,
+                'figure.subplot.left': .1,
+                'lines.markersize': 20,
+                'pgf.rcfonts': False,
+                'pgf.texsystem': 'pdflatex',
+                'pgf.preamble': ['\\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}',
+                                 '\\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}',
+                                 '\\usepackage{sfmath}']}]
+    tol = [6, 0]
+    for i, rc_set in enumerate(rc_sets):
+        with mpl.rc_context(rc_set):
+            create_figure()
+            compare_figure('pgf_rcupdate%d.pdf' % (i + 1), tol=tol[i])
+
+
+# test backend-side clipping, since large numbers are not supported by TeX
+@needs_xelatex
+@pytest.mark.style('default')
+@pytest.mark.backend('pgf')
+def test_pathclip():
+    rc_xelatex = {'font.family': 'serif',
+                  'pgf.rcfonts': False}
+    mpl.rcParams.update(rc_xelatex)
+
+    plt.figure()
+    plt.plot([0., 1e100], [0., 1e100])
+    plt.xlim(0, 1)
+    plt.ylim(0, 1)
+    # this test passes if compiling/saving to pdf works (no image comparison)
+    plt.savefig(os.path.join(result_dir, "pgf_pathclip.pdf"))
+
+
+# test mixed mode rendering
+@needs_xelatex
+@pytest.mark.backend('pgf')
+@image_comparison(baseline_images=['pgf_mixedmode'], extensions=['pdf'],
+                  style='default')
+def test_mixedmode():
+    rc_xelatex = {'font.family': 'serif',
+                  'pgf.rcfonts': False}
+    mpl.rcParams.update(rc_xelatex)
+
+    Y, X = np.ogrid[-1:1:40j, -1:1:40j]
+    plt.figure()
+    plt.pcolor(X**2 + Y**2).set_rasterized(True)
+
+
+# test bbox_inches clipping
+@needs_xelatex
+@pytest.mark.style('default')
+@pytest.mark.backend('pgf')
+def test_bbox_inches():
+    rc_xelatex = {'font.family': 'serif',
+                  'pgf.rcfonts': False}
+    mpl.rcParams.update(rc_xelatex)
+
+    Y, X = np.ogrid[-1:1:40j, -1:1:40j]
+    fig = plt.figure()
+    ax1 = fig.add_subplot(121)
+    ax1.plot(range(5))
+    ax2 = fig.add_subplot(122)
+    ax2.plot(range(5))
+    plt.tight_layout()
+
+    bbox = ax1.get_window_extent().transformed(fig.dpi_scale_trans.inverted())
+    compare_figure('pgf_bbox_inches.pdf', savefig_kwargs={'bbox_inches': bbox},
+                   tol=0)
+
+
+@needs_pdflatex
+@pytest.mark.style('default')
+@pytest.mark.backend('pgf')
+def test_pdf_pages():
+    rc_pdflatex = {
+        'font.family': 'serif',
+        'pgf.rcfonts': False,
+        'pgf.texsystem': 'pdflatex',
+    }
+    mpl.rcParams.update(rc_pdflatex)
+
+    fig1 = plt.figure()
+    ax1 = fig1.add_subplot(1, 1, 1)
+    ax1.plot(range(5))
+    fig1.tight_layout()
+
+    fig2 = plt.figure(figsize=(3, 2))
+    ax2 = fig2.add_subplot(1, 1, 1)
+    ax2.plot(range(5))
+    fig2.tight_layout()
+
+    with PdfPages(os.path.join(result_dir, 'pdfpages.pdf')) as pdf:
+        pdf.savefig(fig1)
+        pdf.savefig(fig2)
+
+
+@needs_xelatex
+@pytest.mark.style('default')
+@pytest.mark.backend('pgf')
+def test_pdf_pages_metadata():
+    rc_pdflatex = {
+        'font.family': 'serif',
+        'pgf.rcfonts': False,
+        'pgf.texsystem': 'xelatex',
+    }
+    mpl.rcParams.update(rc_pdflatex)
+
+    fig = plt.figure()
+    ax = fig.add_subplot(1, 1, 1)
+    ax.plot(range(5))
+    fig.tight_layout()
+
+    md = {'author': 'me', 'title': 'Multipage PDF with pgf'}
+    path = os.path.join(result_dir, 'pdfpages_meta.pdf')
+
+    with PdfPages(path, metadata=md) as pdf:
+        pdf.savefig(fig)
+        pdf.savefig(fig)
+        pdf.savefig(fig)
+
+        assert pdf.get_pagecount() == 3
+
+
+@needs_lualatex
+@pytest.mark.style('default')
+@pytest.mark.backend('pgf')
+def test_pdf_pages_lualatex():
+    rc_pdflatex = {
+        'font.family': 'serif',
+        'pgf.rcfonts': False,
+        'pgf.texsystem': 'lualatex'
+    }
+    mpl.rcParams.update(rc_pdflatex)
+
+    fig = plt.figure()
+    ax = fig.add_subplot(1, 1, 1)
+    ax.plot(range(5))
+    fig.tight_layout()
+
+    md = {'author': 'me', 'title': 'Multipage PDF with pgf'}
+    path = os.path.join(result_dir, 'pdfpages_lua.pdf')
+    with PdfPages(path, metadata=md) as pdf:
+        pdf.savefig(fig)
+        pdf.savefig(fig)
+
+        assert pdf.get_pagecount() == 2

HW1_Stones/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/matplotlib/tests/test_backend_ps.py

@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+import io
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+import re
+import tempfile
+import warnings
+
+import pytest
+
+import matplotlib as mpl
+import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+from matplotlib import cbook, patheffects
+from matplotlib.testing.decorators import image_comparison
+from matplotlib.testing.determinism import (_determinism_source_date_epoch,
+                                            _determinism_check)
+
+
+with warnings.catch_warnings():
+    warnings.simplefilter('ignore')
+    needs_ghostscript = pytest.mark.skipif(
+        "eps" not in mpl.testing.compare.converter,
+        reason="This test needs a ghostscript installation")
+    needs_usetex = pytest.mark.skipif(
+        not mpl.checkdep_usetex(True),
+        reason="This test needs a TeX installation")
+
+
+# This tests tends to hit a TeX cache lock on AppVeyor.
+@pytest.mark.flaky(reruns=3)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('format, use_log, rcParams', [
+    ('ps', False, {}),
+    pytest.param('ps', False, {'ps.usedistiller': 'ghostscript'},
+                 marks=needs_ghostscript),
+    pytest.param('ps', False, {'text.usetex': True},
+                 marks=[needs_ghostscript, needs_usetex]),
+    ('eps', False, {}),
+    ('eps', True, {'ps.useafm': True}),
+    pytest.param('eps', False, {'text.usetex': True},
+                 marks=[needs_ghostscript, needs_usetex]),
+], ids=[
+    'ps',
+    'ps with distiller',
+    'ps with usetex',
+    'eps',
+    'eps afm',
+    'eps with usetex'
+])
+def test_savefig_to_stringio(format, use_log, rcParams):
+    mpl.rcParams.update(rcParams)
+
+    fig, ax = plt.subplots()
+
+    with io.StringIO() as s_buf, io.BytesIO() as b_buf:
+
+        if use_log:
+            ax.set_yscale('log')
+
+        ax.plot([1, 2], [1, 2])
+        ax.set_title("Déjà vu")
+        fig.savefig(s_buf, format=format)
+        fig.savefig(b_buf, format=format)
+
+        s_val = s_buf.getvalue().encode('ascii')
+        b_val = b_buf.getvalue()
+
+        # Remove comments from the output.  This includes things that could
+        # change from run to run, such as the time.
+        s_val, b_val = [re.sub(b'%%.*?\n', b'', x) for x in [s_val, b_val]]
+
+        assert s_val == b_val.replace(b'\r\n', b'\n')
+
+
+def test_patheffects():
+    with mpl.rc_context():
+        mpl.rcParams['path.effects'] = [
+            patheffects.withStroke(linewidth=4, foreground='w')]
+        fig, ax = plt.subplots()
+        ax.plot([1, 2, 3])
+        with io.BytesIO() as ps:
+            fig.savefig(ps, format='ps')
+
+
+@needs_usetex
+@needs_ghostscript
+def test_tilde_in_tempfilename(tmpdir):
+    # Tilde ~ in the tempdir path (e.g. TMPDIR, TMP or TEMP on windows
+    # when the username is very long and windows uses a short name) breaks
+    # latex before https://github.com/matplotlib/matplotlib/pull/5928
+    base_tempdir = Path(str(tmpdir), "short-1")
+    base_tempdir.mkdir()
+    # Change the path for new tempdirs, which is used internally by the ps
+    # backend to write a file.
+    with cbook._setattr_cm(tempfile, tempdir=str(base_tempdir)):
+        # usetex results in the latex call, which does not like the ~
+        plt.rc('text', usetex=True)
+        plt.plot([1, 2, 3, 4])
+        plt.xlabel(r'\textbf{time} (s)')
+        output_eps = os.path.join(str(base_tempdir), 'tex_demo.eps')
+        # use the PS backend to write the file...
+        plt.savefig(output_eps, format="ps")
+
+
+def test_source_date_epoch():
+    """Test SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH support for PS output"""
+    # SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH support is not tested with text.usetex,
+    # because the produced timestamp comes from ghostscript:
+    # %%CreationDate: D:20000101000000Z00\'00\', and this could change
+    # with another ghostscript version.
+    _determinism_source_date_epoch(
+        "ps", b"%%CreationDate: Sat Jan 01 00:00:00 2000")
+
+
+def test_determinism_all():
+    """Test for reproducible PS output"""
+    _determinism_check(format="ps")
+
+
+@needs_usetex
+@needs_ghostscript
+def test_determinism_all_tex():
+    """Test for reproducible PS/tex output"""
+    _determinism_check(format="ps", usetex=True)
+
+
+@image_comparison(baseline_images=["empty"], extensions=["eps"])
+def test_transparency():
+    fig, ax = plt.subplots()
+    ax.set_axis_off()
+    ax.plot([0, 1], color="r", alpha=0)
+    ax.text(.5, .5, "foo", color="r", alpha=0)
+
+
+@needs_usetex
+def test_failing_latex(tmpdir):
+    """Test failing latex subprocess call"""
+    path = str(tmpdir.join("tmpoutput.ps"))
+
+    mpl.rcParams['text.usetex'] = True
+
+    # This fails with "Double subscript"
+    plt.xlabel("$22_2_2$")
+    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError):
+        plt.savefig(path)

HW1_Stones/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/matplotlib/tests/test_backend_qt.py

@@ -0,0 +1,329 @@
+import copy
+import sys
+from unittest import mock
+
+import matplotlib
+from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
+from matplotlib._pylab_helpers import Gcf
+
+import pytest
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def mpl_test_settings(qt_module, mpl_test_settings):
+    """
+    Ensure qt_module fixture is *first* fixture.
+
+    We override the `mpl_test_settings` fixture and depend on the `qt_module`
+    fixture first. It is very important that it is first, because it skips
+    tests when Qt is not available, and if not, then the main
+    `mpl_test_settings` fixture will try to switch backends before the skip can
+    be triggered.
+    """
+    pass
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def qt_module(request):
+    backend, = request.node.get_closest_marker('backend').args
+    if backend == 'Qt4Agg':
+        if any(k in sys.modules for k in ('PyQt5', 'PySide2')):
+            pytest.skip('Qt5 binding already imported')
+        try:
+            import PyQt4
+        # RuntimeError if PyQt5 already imported.
+        except (ImportError, RuntimeError):
+            try:
+                import PySide
+            except ImportError:
+                pytest.skip("Failed to import a Qt4 binding.")
+    elif backend == 'Qt5Agg':
+        if any(k in sys.modules for k in ('PyQt4', 'PySide')):
+            pytest.skip('Qt4 binding already imported')
+        try:
+            import PyQt5
+        # RuntimeError if PyQt4 already imported.
+        except (ImportError, RuntimeError):
+            try:
+                import PySide2
+            except ImportError:
+                pytest.skip("Failed to import a Qt5 binding.")
+    else:
+        raise ValueError('Backend marker has unknown value: ' + backend)
+
+    qt_compat = pytest.importorskip('matplotlib.backends.qt_compat')
+    QtCore = qt_compat.QtCore
+
+    if backend == 'Qt4Agg':
+        try:
+            py_qt_ver = int(QtCore.PYQT_VERSION_STR.split('.')[0])
+        except AttributeError:
+            py_qt_ver = QtCore.__version_info__[0]
+
+        if py_qt_ver != 4:
+            pytest.skip('Qt4 is not available')
+
+        from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt4 import (
+            MODIFIER_KEYS, SUPER, ALT, CTRL, SHIFT)
+    elif backend == 'Qt5Agg':
+        from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5 import (
+            MODIFIER_KEYS, SUPER, ALT, CTRL, SHIFT)
+
+    mods = {}
+    keys = {}
+    for name, index in zip(['Alt', 'Control', 'Shift', 'Super'],
+                           [ALT, CTRL, SHIFT, SUPER]):
+        _, mod, key = MODIFIER_KEYS[index]
+        mods[name + 'Modifier'] = mod
+        keys[name + 'Key'] = key
+
+    return QtCore, mods, keys
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def qt_key(request):
+    QtCore, _, keys = request.getfixturevalue('qt_module')
+    if request.param.startswith('Key'):
+        return getattr(QtCore.Qt, request.param)
+    else:
+        return keys[request.param]
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def qt_mods(request):
+    QtCore, mods, _ = request.getfixturevalue('qt_module')
+    result = QtCore.Qt.NoModifier
+    for mod in request.param:
+        result |= mods[mod]
+    return result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('backend', [
+    # Note: the value is irrelevant; the important part is the marker.
+    pytest.param('Qt4Agg', marks=pytest.mark.backend('Qt4Agg')),
+    pytest.param('Qt5Agg', marks=pytest.mark.backend('Qt5Agg')),
+])
+def test_fig_close(backend):
+    # save the state of Gcf.figs
+    init_figs = copy.copy(Gcf.figs)
+
+    # make a figure using pyplot interface
+    fig = plt.figure()
+
+    # simulate user clicking the close button by reaching in
+    # and calling close on the underlying Qt object
+    fig.canvas.manager.window.close()
+
+    # assert that we have removed the reference to the FigureManager
+    # that got added by plt.figure()
+    assert init_figs == Gcf.figs
+
+
+@pytest.mark.backend('Qt5Agg')
+def test_fig_signals(qt_module):
+    # Create a figure
+    fig = plt.figure()
+
+    # Access QtCore
+    QtCore = qt_module[0]
+
+    # Access signals
+    import signal
+    event_loop_signal = None
+
+    # Callback to fire during event loop: save SIGINT handler, then exit
+    def fire_signal_and_quit():
+        # Save event loop signal
+        nonlocal event_loop_signal
+        event_loop_signal = signal.getsignal(signal.SIGINT)
+
+        # Request event loop exit
+        QtCore.QCoreApplication.exit()
+
+    # Timer to exit event loop
+    QtCore.QTimer.singleShot(0, fire_signal_and_quit)
+
+    # Save original SIGINT handler
+    original_signal = signal.getsignal(signal.SIGINT)
+
+    # Use our own SIGINT handler to be 100% sure this is working
+    def CustomHandler(signum, frame):
+        pass
+
+    signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, CustomHandler)
+
+    # mainloop() sets SIGINT, starts Qt event loop (which triggers timer and
+    # exits) and then mainloop() resets SIGINT
+    matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5._BackendQT5.mainloop()
+
+    # Assert: signal handler during loop execution is signal.SIG_DFL
+    assert event_loop_signal == signal.SIG_DFL
+
+    # Assert: current signal handler is the same as the one we set before
+    assert CustomHandler == signal.getsignal(signal.SIGINT)
+
+    # Reset SIGINT handler to what it was before the test
+    signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, original_signal)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    'qt_key, qt_mods, answer',
+    [
+        ('Key_A', ['ShiftModifier'], 'A'),
+        ('Key_A', [], 'a'),
+        ('Key_A', ['ControlModifier'], 'ctrl+a'),
+        ('Key_Aacute', ['ShiftModifier'],
+         '\N{LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH ACUTE}'),
+        ('Key_Aacute', [],
+         '\N{LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH ACUTE}'),
+        ('ControlKey', ['AltModifier'], 'alt+control'),
+        ('AltKey', ['ControlModifier'], 'ctrl+alt'),
+        ('Key_Aacute', ['ControlModifier', 'AltModifier', 'SuperModifier'],
+         'ctrl+alt+super+\N{LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH ACUTE}'),
+        ('Key_Backspace', [], 'backspace'),
+        ('Key_Backspace', ['ControlModifier'], 'ctrl+backspace'),
+        ('Key_Play', [], None),
+    ],
+    indirect=['qt_key', 'qt_mods'],
+    ids=[
+        'shift',
+        'lower',
+        'control',
+        'unicode_upper',
+        'unicode_lower',
+        'alt_control',
+        'control_alt',
+        'modifier_order',
+        'backspace',
+        'backspace_mod',
+        'non_unicode_key',
+    ]
+)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('backend', [
+    # Note: the value is irrelevant; the important part is the marker.
+    pytest.param('Qt4Agg', marks=pytest.mark.backend('Qt4Agg')),
+    pytest.param('Qt5Agg', marks=pytest.mark.backend('Qt5Agg')),
+])
+def test_correct_key(backend, qt_key, qt_mods, answer):
+    """
+    Make a figure
+    Send a key_press_event event (using non-public, qtX backend specific api)
+    Catch the event
+    Assert sent and caught keys are the same
+    """
+    qt_canvas = plt.figure().canvas
+
+    event = mock.Mock()
+    event.isAutoRepeat.return_value = False
+    event.key.return_value = qt_key
+    event.modifiers.return_value = qt_mods
+
+    def receive(event):
+        assert event.key == answer
+
+    qt_canvas.mpl_connect('key_press_event', receive)
+    qt_canvas.keyPressEvent(event)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.backend('Qt5Agg')
+def test_dpi_ratio_change():
+    """
+    Make sure that if _dpi_ratio changes, the figure dpi changes but the
+    widget remains the same physical size.
+    """
+
+    prop = 'matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5.FigureCanvasQT._dpi_ratio'
+
+    with mock.patch(prop, new_callable=mock.PropertyMock) as p:
+
+        p.return_value = 3
+
+        fig = plt.figure(figsize=(5, 2), dpi=120)
+        qt_canvas = fig.canvas
+        qt_canvas.show()
+
+        from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5 import qApp
+
+        # Make sure the mocking worked
+        assert qt_canvas._dpi_ratio == 3
+
+        size = qt_canvas.size()
+
+        qt_canvas.manager.show()
+        qt_canvas.draw()
+        qApp.processEvents()
+
+        # The DPI and the renderer width/height change
+        assert fig.dpi == 360
+        assert qt_canvas.renderer.width == 1800
+        assert qt_canvas.renderer.height == 720
+
+        # The actual widget size and figure physical size don't change
+        assert size.width() == 600
+        assert size.height() == 240
+        assert qt_canvas.get_width_height() == (600, 240)
+        assert (fig.get_size_inches() == (5, 2)).all()
+
+        p.return_value = 2
+
+        assert qt_canvas._dpi_ratio == 2
+
+        qt_canvas.draw()
+        qApp.processEvents()
+        # this second processEvents is required to fully run the draw.
+        # On `update` we notice the DPI has changed and trigger a
+        # resize event to refresh, the second processEvents is
+        # required to process that and fully update the window sizes.
+        qApp.processEvents()
+
+        # The DPI and the renderer width/height change
+        assert fig.dpi == 240
+        assert qt_canvas.renderer.width == 1200
+        assert qt_canvas.renderer.height == 480
+
+        # The actual widget size and figure physical size don't change
+        assert size.width() == 600
+        assert size.height() == 240
+        assert qt_canvas.get_width_height() == (600, 240)
+        assert (fig.get_size_inches() == (5, 2)).all()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.backend('Qt5Agg')
+def test_subplottool():
+    fig, ax = plt.subplots()
+    with mock.patch(
+            "matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5.SubplotToolQt.exec_",
+            lambda self: None):
+        fig.canvas.manager.toolbar.configure_subplots()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.backend('Qt5Agg')
+def test_figureoptions():
+    fig, ax = plt.subplots()
+    ax.plot([1, 2])
+    ax.imshow([[1]])
+    ax.scatter(range(3), range(3), c=range(3))
+    with mock.patch(
+            "matplotlib.backends.qt_editor._formlayout.FormDialog.exec_",
+            lambda self: None):
+        fig.canvas.manager.toolbar.edit_parameters()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.backend("Qt5Agg")
+def test_canvas_reinit():
+    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+    from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import FigureCanvasQTAgg
+    from functools import partial
+
+    called = False
+
+    def crashing_callback(fig, stale):
+        nonlocal called
+        fig.canvas.draw_idle()
+        called = True
+
+    fig, ax = plt.subplots()
+    fig.stale_callback = crashing_callback
+    # this should not raise
+    canvas = FigureCanvasQTAgg(fig)
+    assert called

HW1_Stones/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/matplotlib/tests/test_backend_svg.py

@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+import numpy as np
+from io import BytesIO
+import os
+import re
+import tempfile
+import warnings
+import xml.parsers.expat
+
+import pytest
+
+import matplotlib as mpl
+from matplotlib import dviread
+from matplotlib.figure import Figure
+import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+from matplotlib.testing.decorators import image_comparison
+
+
+with warnings.catch_warnings():
+    warnings.simplefilter('ignore')
+    needs_usetex = pytest.mark.skipif(
+        not mpl.checkdep_usetex(True),
+        reason="This test needs a TeX installation")
+
+
+def test_visibility():
+    fig, ax = plt.subplots()
+
+    x = np.linspace(0, 4 * np.pi, 50)
+    y = np.sin(x)
+    yerr = np.ones_like(y)
+
+    a, b, c = ax.errorbar(x, y, yerr=yerr, fmt='ko')
+    for artist in b:
+        artist.set_visible(False)
+
+    fd = BytesIO()
+    fig.savefig(fd, format='svg')
+
+    fd.seek(0)
+    buf = fd.read()
+    fd.close()
+
+    parser = xml.parsers.expat.ParserCreate()
+    parser.Parse(buf)  # this will raise ExpatError if the svg is invalid
+
+
+@image_comparison(baseline_images=['fill_black_with_alpha'], remove_text=True,
+                  extensions=['svg'])
+def test_fill_black_with_alpha():
+    fig = plt.figure()
+    ax = fig.add_subplot(1, 1, 1)
+    ax.scatter(x=[0, 0.1, 1], y=[0, 0, 0], c='k', alpha=0.1, s=10000)
+
+
+@image_comparison(baseline_images=['noscale'], remove_text=True)
+def test_noscale():
+    X, Y = np.meshgrid(np.arange(-5, 5, 1), np.arange(-5, 5, 1))
+    Z = np.sin(Y ** 2)
+
+    fig = plt.figure()
+    ax = fig.add_subplot(1, 1, 1)
+    ax.imshow(Z, cmap='gray', interpolation='none')
+
+
+def test_text_urls():
+    fig = plt.figure()
+
+    test_url = "http://test_text_urls.matplotlib.org"
+    fig.suptitle("test_text_urls", url=test_url)
+
+    fd = BytesIO()
+    fig.savefig(fd, format='svg')
+    fd.seek(0)
+    buf = fd.read().decode()
+    fd.close()
+
+    expected = '<a xlink:href="{0}">'.format(test_url)
+    assert expected in buf
+
+
+@image_comparison(baseline_images=['bold_font_output'], extensions=['svg'])
+def test_bold_font_output():
+    fig = plt.figure()
+    ax = fig.add_subplot(1, 1, 1)
+    ax.plot(np.arange(10), np.arange(10))
+    ax.set_xlabel('nonbold-xlabel')
+    ax.set_ylabel('bold-ylabel', fontweight='bold')
+    ax.set_title('bold-title', fontweight='bold')
+
+
+@image_comparison(baseline_images=['bold_font_output_with_none_fonttype'],
+                  extensions=['svg'])
+def test_bold_font_output_with_none_fonttype():
+    plt.rcParams['svg.fonttype'] = 'none'
+    fig = plt.figure()
+    ax = fig.add_subplot(1, 1, 1)
+    ax.plot(np.arange(10), np.arange(10))
+    ax.set_xlabel('nonbold-xlabel')
+    ax.set_ylabel('bold-ylabel', fontweight='bold')
+    ax.set_title('bold-title', fontweight='bold')
+
+
+def _test_determinism_save(filename, usetex):
+    # This function is mostly copy&paste from "def test_visibility"
+    mpl.rc('svg', hashsalt='asdf')
+    mpl.rc('text', usetex=usetex)
+
+    fig = Figure()  # Require no GUI.
+    ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
+
+    x = np.linspace(0, 4 * np.pi, 50)
+    y = np.sin(x)
+    yerr = np.ones_like(y)
+
+    a, b, c = ax.errorbar(x, y, yerr=yerr, fmt='ko')
+    for artist in b:
+        artist.set_visible(False)
+    ax.set_title('A string $1+2+\\sigma$')
+    ax.set_xlabel('A string $1+2+\\sigma$')
+    ax.set_ylabel('A string $1+2+\\sigma$')
+
+    fig.savefig(filename, format="svg")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "filename, usetex",
+    # unique filenames to allow for parallel testing
+    [("determinism_notex.svg", False),
+     pytest.param("determinism_tex.svg", True, marks=needs_usetex)])
+def test_determinism(filename, usetex):
+    import sys
+    from subprocess import check_output, STDOUT, CalledProcessError
+    plots = []
+    for i in range(3):
+        # Using check_output and setting stderr to STDOUT will capture the real
+        # problem in the output property of the exception
+        try:
+            check_output(
+                [sys.executable, '-R', '-c',
+                 'import matplotlib; '
+                 'matplotlib._called_from_pytest = True; '
+                 'matplotlib.use("svg", force=True); '
+                 'from matplotlib.tests.test_backend_svg '
+                 'import _test_determinism_save;'
+                 '_test_determinism_save(%r, %r)' % (filename, usetex)],
+                stderr=STDOUT)
+        except CalledProcessError as e:
+            # it's easier to use utf8 and ask for forgiveness than try
+            # to figure out what the current console has as an
+            # encoding :-/
+            print(e.output.decode(encoding="utf-8", errors="ignore"))
+            raise e
+        else:
+            with open(filename, 'rb') as fd:
+                plots.append(fd.read())
+        finally:
+            os.unlink(filename)
+    for p in plots[1:]:
+        assert p == plots[0]
+
+
+@needs_usetex
+def test_missing_psfont(monkeypatch):
+    """An error is raised if a TeX font lacks a Type-1 equivalent"""
+
+    def psfont(*args, **kwargs):
+        return dviread.PsFont(texname='texfont', psname='Some Font',
+                              effects=None, encoding=None, filename=None)
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(dviread.PsfontsMap, '__getitem__', psfont)
+    mpl.rc('text', usetex=True)
+    fig, ax = plt.subplots()
+    ax.text(0.5, 0.5, 'hello')
+    with tempfile.TemporaryFile() as tmpfile, pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        fig.savefig(tmpfile, format='svg')
+
+
+# Use Computer Modern Sans Serif, not Helvetica (which has no \textwon).
+@pytest.mark.style('default')
+@needs_usetex
+def test_unicode_won():
+    fig = Figure()
+    fig.text(.5, .5, r'\textwon', usetex=True)
+
+    with BytesIO() as fd:
+        fig.savefig(fd, format='svg')
+        buf = fd.getvalue().decode('ascii')
+
+    won_id = 'Computer_Modern_Sans_Serif-142'
+    assert re.search(r'<path d=(.|\s)*?id="{0}"/>'.format(won_id), buf)
+    assert re.search(r'<use[^/>]*? xlink:href="#{0}"/>'.format(won_id), buf)

HW1_Stones/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/matplotlib/tests/test_backend_tools.py

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+import pytest
+
+from matplotlib.backend_tools import ToolHelpBase
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('rc_shortcut,expected', [
+    ('home', 'Home'),
+    ('backspace', 'Backspace'),
+    ('f1', 'F1'),
+    ('ctrl+a', 'Ctrl+A'),
+    ('ctrl+A', 'Ctrl+Shift+A'),
+    ('a', 'a'),
+    ('A', 'A'),
+    ('ctrl+shift+f1', 'Ctrl+Shift+F1'),
+    ('1', '1'),
+    ('cmd+p', 'Cmd+P'),
+    ('cmd+1', 'Cmd+1'),
+])
+def test_format_shortcut(rc_shortcut, expected):
+    assert ToolHelpBase.format_shortcut(rc_shortcut) == expected

HW1_Stones/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/matplotlib/tests/test_backend_webagg.py

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+import subprocess
+import os
+import sys
+import pytest
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("backend", ["webagg", "nbagg"])
+def test_webagg_fallback(backend):
+    if backend == "nbagg":
+        pytest.importorskip("IPython")
+    env = {}
+    if os.name == "nt":
+        env = dict(os.environ)
+    else:
+        env = {"DISPLAY": ""}
+
+    env["MPLBACKEND"] = backend
+
+    test_code = (
+        "import os;"
+        + f"assert os.environ['MPLBACKEND'] == '{backend}';"
+        + "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt; "
+        + "print(plt.get_backend());"
+        f"assert '{backend}' == plt.get_backend().lower();"
+    )
+    ret = subprocess.call([sys.executable, "-c", test_code], env=env)
+
+    assert ret == 0

HW1_Stones/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/matplotlib/tests/test_backends_interactive.py

@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+import importlib
+import importlib.util
+import os
+import signal
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import time
+import urllib.request
+
+import pytest
+
+import matplotlib as mpl
+
+
+# Minimal smoke-testing of the backends for which the dependencies are
+# PyPI-installable on Travis.  They are not available for all tested Python
+# versions so we don't fail on missing backends.
+
+def _get_testable_interactive_backends():
+    backends = []
+    for deps, backend in [
+            (["cairo", "gi"], "gtk3agg"),
+            (["cairo", "gi"], "gtk3cairo"),
+            (["PyQt5"], "qt5agg"),
+            (["PyQt5", "cairocffi"], "qt5cairo"),
+            (["tkinter"], "tkagg"),
+            (["wx"], "wx"),
+            (["wx"], "wxagg"),
+    ]:
+        reason = None
+        if not os.environ.get("DISPLAY"):
+            reason = "No $DISPLAY"
+        elif any(importlib.util.find_spec(dep) is None for dep in deps):
+            reason = "Missing dependency"
+        if reason:
+            backend = pytest.param(
+                backend, marks=pytest.mark.skip(reason=reason))
+        backends.append(backend)
+    return backends
+
+
+# Using a timer not only allows testing of timers (on other backends), but is
+# also necessary on gtk3 and wx, where a direct call to key_press_event("q")
+# from draw_event causes breakage due to the canvas widget being deleted too
+# early.  Also, gtk3 redefines key_press_event with a different signature, so
+# we directly invoke it from the superclass instead.
+_test_script = """\
+import importlib
+import importlib.util
+import sys
+from unittest import TestCase
+
+import matplotlib as mpl
+from matplotlib import pyplot as plt, rcParams
+from matplotlib.backend_bases import FigureCanvasBase
+rcParams.update({
+    "webagg.open_in_browser": False,
+    "webagg.port_retries": 1,
+})
+backend = plt.rcParams["backend"].lower()
+assert_equal = TestCase().assertEqual
+assert_raises = TestCase().assertRaises
+
+if backend.endswith("agg") and not backend.startswith(("gtk3", "web")):
+    # Force interactive framework setup.
+    plt.figure()
+
+    # Check that we cannot switch to a backend using another interactive
+    # framework, but can switch to a backend using cairo instead of agg, or a
+    # non-interactive backend.  In the first case, we use tkagg as the "other"
+    # interactive backend as it is (essentially) guaranteed to be present.
+    # Moreover, don't test switching away from gtk3 (as Gtk.main_level() is
+    # not set up at this point yet) and webagg (which uses no interactive
+    # framework).
+
+    if backend != "tkagg":
+        with assert_raises(ImportError):
+            mpl.use("tkagg", force=True)
+
+    def check_alt_backend(alt_backend):
+        mpl.use(alt_backend, force=True)
+        fig = plt.figure()
+        assert_equal(
+            type(fig.canvas).__module__,
+            "matplotlib.backends.backend_{}".format(alt_backend))
+
+    if importlib.util.find_spec("cairocffi"):
+        check_alt_backend(backend[:-3] + "cairo")
+    check_alt_backend("svg")
+
+mpl.use(backend, force=True)
+
+fig, ax = plt.subplots()
+assert_equal(
+    type(fig.canvas).__module__,
+    "matplotlib.backends.backend_{}".format(backend))
+
+ax.plot([0, 1], [2, 3])
+
+timer = fig.canvas.new_timer(1)
+timer.add_callback(FigureCanvasBase.key_press_event, fig.canvas, "q")
+# Trigger quitting upon draw.
+fig.canvas.mpl_connect("draw_event", lambda event: timer.start())
+
+plt.show()
+"""
+_test_timeout = 10  # Empirically, 1s is not enough on Travis.
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("backend", _get_testable_interactive_backends())
+@pytest.mark.flaky(reruns=3)
+def test_interactive_backend(backend):
+    proc = subprocess.run([sys.executable, "-c", _test_script],
+                          env={**os.environ, "MPLBACKEND": backend},
+                          timeout=_test_timeout)
+    if proc.returncode:
+        pytest.fail("The subprocess returned with non-zero exit status "
+                    f"{proc.returncode}.")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif('SYSTEM_TEAMFOUNDATIONCOLLECTIONURI' in os.environ,
+                    reason="this test fails an azure for unknown reasons")
+@pytest.mark.skipif(os.name == "nt", reason="Cannot send SIGINT on Windows.")
+def test_webagg():
+    pytest.importorskip("tornado")
+    proc = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, "-c", _test_script],
+                            env={**os.environ, "MPLBACKEND": "webagg"})
+    url = "http://{}:{}".format(
+        mpl.rcParams["webagg.address"], mpl.rcParams["webagg.port"])
+    timeout = time.perf_counter() + _test_timeout
+    while True:
+        try:
+            retcode = proc.poll()
+            # check that the subprocess for the server is not dead
+            assert retcode is None
+            conn = urllib.request.urlopen(url)
+            break
+        except urllib.error.URLError:
+            if time.perf_counter() > timeout:
+                pytest.fail("Failed to connect to the webagg server.")
+            else:
+                continue
+    conn.close()
+    proc.send_signal(signal.SIGINT)
+    assert proc.wait(timeout=_test_timeout) == 0

HW1_Stones/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/matplotlib/tests/test_basic.py

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+import builtins
+import subprocess
+import sys
+
+import matplotlib
+from matplotlib.cbook import dedent
+
+
+def test_simple():
+    assert 1 + 1 == 2
+
+
+def test_override_builtins():
+    import pylab
+
+    ok_to_override = {
+        '__name__',
+        '__doc__',
+        '__package__',
+        '__loader__',
+        '__spec__',
+        'any',
+        'all',
+        'sum',
+        'divmod'
+    }
+    overridden = False
+    for key in dir(pylab):
+        if key in dir(builtins):
+            if (getattr(pylab, key) != getattr(builtins, key) and
+                    key not in ok_to_override):
+                print("'%s' was overridden in globals()." % key)
+                overridden = True
+
+    assert not overridden
+
+
+def test_lazy_imports():
+    source = dedent("""
+    import sys
+
+    import matplotlib.figure
+    import matplotlib.backend_bases
+    import matplotlib.pyplot
+
+    assert 'matplotlib._png' not in sys.modules
+    assert 'matplotlib._tri' not in sys.modules
+    assert 'matplotlib._qhull' not in sys.modules
+    assert 'matplotlib._contour' not in sys.modules
+    assert 'urllib.request' not in sys.modules
+    """)
+
+    subprocess.check_call([
+        sys.executable,
+        '-c',
+        source
+    ])

HW1_Stones/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/matplotlib/tests/test_bbox_tight.py

@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+import numpy as np
+from io import BytesIO
+
+from matplotlib.testing.decorators import image_comparison
+import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+import matplotlib.path as mpath
+import matplotlib.patches as mpatches
+from matplotlib.ticker import FuncFormatter
+
+
+@image_comparison(baseline_images=['bbox_inches_tight'], remove_text=True,
+                  savefig_kwarg=dict(bbox_inches='tight'))
+def test_bbox_inches_tight():
+    #: Test that a figure saved using bbox_inches='tight' is clipped correctly
+    data = [[66386, 174296, 75131, 577908, 32015],
+            [58230, 381139, 78045, 99308, 160454],
+            [89135, 80552, 152558, 497981, 603535],
+            [78415, 81858, 150656, 193263, 69638],
+            [139361, 331509, 343164, 781380, 52269]]
+
+    colLabels = rowLabels = [''] * 5
+
+    rows = len(data)
+    ind = np.arange(len(colLabels)) + 0.3  # the x locations for the groups
+    cellText = []
+    width = 0.4     # the width of the bars
+    yoff = np.zeros(len(colLabels))
+    # the bottom values for stacked bar chart
+    fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 1)
+    for row in range(rows):
+        ax.bar(ind, data[row], width, bottom=yoff, align='edge', color='b')
+        yoff = yoff + data[row]
+        cellText.append([''])
+    plt.xticks([])
+    plt.legend([''] * 5, loc=(1.2, 0.2))
+    # Add a table at the bottom of the axes
+    cellText.reverse()
+    the_table = plt.table(cellText=cellText,
+                          rowLabels=rowLabels,
+                          colLabels=colLabels, loc='bottom')
+
+
+@image_comparison(baseline_images=['bbox_inches_tight_suptile_legend'],
+                  remove_text=False, savefig_kwarg={'bbox_inches': 'tight'})
+def test_bbox_inches_tight_suptile_legend():
+    plt.plot(np.arange(10), label='a straight line')
+    plt.legend(bbox_to_anchor=(0.9, 1), loc='upper left')
+    plt.title('Axis title')
+    plt.suptitle('Figure title')
+
+    # put an extra long y tick on to see that the bbox is accounted for
+    def y_formatter(y, pos):
+        if int(y) == 4:
+            return 'The number 4'
+        else:
+            return str(y)
+    plt.gca().yaxis.set_major_formatter(FuncFormatter(y_formatter))
+
+    plt.xlabel('X axis')
+
+
+@image_comparison(baseline_images=['bbox_inches_tight_clipping'],
+                  remove_text=True, savefig_kwarg={'bbox_inches': 'tight'})
+def test_bbox_inches_tight_clipping():
+    # tests bbox clipping on scatter points, and path clipping on a patch
+    # to generate an appropriately tight bbox
+    plt.scatter(np.arange(10), np.arange(10))
+    ax = plt.gca()
+    ax.set_xlim([0, 5])
+    ax.set_ylim([0, 5])
+
+    # make a massive rectangle and clip it with a path
+    patch = mpatches.Rectangle([-50, -50], 100, 100,
+                               transform=ax.transData,
+                               facecolor='blue', alpha=0.5)
+
+    path = mpath.Path.unit_regular_star(5).deepcopy()
+    path.vertices *= 0.25
+    patch.set_clip_path(path, transform=ax.transAxes)
+    plt.gcf().artists.append(patch)
+
+
+@image_comparison(baseline_images=['bbox_inches_tight_raster'],
+                  remove_text=True, savefig_kwarg={'bbox_inches': 'tight'})
+def test_bbox_inches_tight_raster():
+    """Test rasterization with tight_layout"""
+    fig = plt.figure()
+    ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
+    ax.plot([1.0, 2.0], rasterized=True)
+
+
+def test_only_on_non_finite_bbox():
+    fig, ax = plt.subplots()
+    ax.annotate("", xy=(0, float('nan')))
+    ax.set_axis_off()
+    # we only need to test that it does not error out on save
+    fig.savefig(BytesIO(), bbox_inches='tight', format='png')
+
+
+def test_tight_pcolorfast():
+    fig, ax = plt.subplots()
+    ax.pcolorfast(np.arange(4).reshape((2, 2)))
+    ax.set(ylim=(0, .1))
+    buf = BytesIO()
+    fig.savefig(buf, bbox_inches="tight")
+    buf.seek(0)
+    height, width, _ = plt.imread(buf).shape
+    # Previously, the bbox would include the area of the image clipped out by
+    # the axes, resulting in a very tall image given the y limits of (0, 0.1).
+    assert width > height

HW1_Stones/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/matplotlib/tests/test_category.py

@@ -0,0 +1,275 @@
+"""Catch all for categorical functions"""
+import pytest
+import numpy as np
+
+from matplotlib.axes import Axes
+import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+import matplotlib.category as cat
+
+# Python2/3 text handling
+_to_str = cat.StrCategoryFormatter._text
+
+
+class TestUnitData(object):
+    test_cases = [('single', (["hello world"], [0])),
+                  ('unicode', (["Здравствуйте мир"], [0])),
+                  ('mixed', (['A', "np.nan", 'B', "3.14", "мир"],
+                             [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]))]
+    ids, data = zip(*test_cases)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("data, locs", data, ids=ids)
+    def test_unit(self, data, locs):
+        unit = cat.UnitData(data)
+        assert list(unit._mapping.keys()) == data
+        assert list(unit._mapping.values()) == locs
+
+    def test_update(self):
+        data = ['a', 'd']
+        locs = [0, 1]
+
+        data_update = ['b', 'd', 'e']
+        unique_data = ['a', 'd', 'b', 'e']
+        updated_locs = [0, 1, 2, 3]
+
+        unit = cat.UnitData(data)
+        assert list(unit._mapping.keys()) == data
+        assert list(unit._mapping.values()) == locs
+
+        unit.update(data_update)
+        assert list(unit._mapping.keys()) == unique_data
+        assert list(unit._mapping.values()) == updated_locs
+
+    failing_test_cases = [("number", 3.14), ("nan", np.nan),
+                          ("list", [3.14, 12]), ("mixed type", ["A", 2])]
+
+    fids, fdata = zip(*test_cases)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("fdata", fdata, ids=fids)
+    def test_non_string_fails(self, fdata):
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            cat.UnitData(fdata)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("fdata", fdata, ids=fids)
+    def test_non_string_update_fails(self, fdata):
+        unitdata = cat.UnitData()
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            unitdata.update(fdata)
+
+
+class FakeAxis(object):
+    def __init__(self, units):
+        self.units = units
+
+
+class TestStrCategoryConverter(object):
+    """Based on the pandas conversion and factorization tests:
+
+    ref: /pandas/tseries/tests/test_converter.py
+         /pandas/tests/test_algos.py:TestFactorize
+    """
+    test_cases = [("unicode", ["Здравствуйте мир"]),
+                  ("ascii", ["hello world"]),
+                  ("single", ['a', 'b', 'c']),
+                  ("integer string", ["1", "2"]),
+                  ("single + values>10", ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E", "F", "G",
+                                          "H", "I", "J", "K", "L", "M", "N",
+                                          "O", "P", "Q", "R", "S", "T", "U",
+                                          "V", "W", "X", "Y", "Z"])]
+
+    ids, values = zip(*test_cases)
+
+    failing_test_cases = [("mixed", [3.14, 'A', np.inf]),
+                          ("string integer", ['42', 42])]
+
+    fids, fvalues = zip(*failing_test_cases)
+
+    @pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+    def mock_axis(self, request):
+        self.cc = cat.StrCategoryConverter()
+        # self.unit should be probably be replaced with real mock unit
+        self.unit = cat.UnitData()
+        self.ax = FakeAxis(self.unit)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("vals", values, ids=ids)
+    def test_convert(self, vals):
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(self.cc.convert(vals, self.ax.units,
+                                                   self.ax),
+                                   range(len(vals)))
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("value", ["hi", "мир"], ids=["ascii", "unicode"])
+    def test_convert_one_string(self, value):
+        assert self.cc.convert(value, self.unit, self.ax) == 0
+
+    def test_convert_one_number(self):
+        actual = self.cc.convert(0.0, self.unit, self.ax)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(actual, np.array([0.]))
+
+    def test_convert_float_array(self):
+        data = np.array([1, 2, 3], dtype=float)
+        actual = self.cc.convert(data, self.unit, self.ax)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(actual, np.array([1., 2., 3.]))
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("fvals", fvalues, ids=fids)
+    def test_convert_fail(self, fvals):
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            self.cc.convert(fvals, self.unit, self.ax)
+
+    def test_axisinfo(self):
+        axis = self.cc.axisinfo(self.unit, self.ax)
+        assert isinstance(axis.majloc, cat.StrCategoryLocator)
+        assert isinstance(axis.majfmt, cat.StrCategoryFormatter)
+
+    def test_default_units(self):
+        assert isinstance(self.cc.default_units(["a"], self.ax), cat.UnitData)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def ax():
+    return plt.figure().subplots()
+
+
+PLOT_LIST = [Axes.scatter, Axes.plot, Axes.bar]
+PLOT_IDS = ["scatter", "plot", "bar"]
+
+
+class TestStrCategoryLocator(object):
+    def test_StrCategoryLocator(self):
+        locs = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
+        unit = cat.UnitData([str(j) for j in locs])
+        ticks = cat.StrCategoryLocator(unit._mapping)
+        np.testing.assert_array_equal(ticks.tick_values(None, None), locs)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("plotter", PLOT_LIST, ids=PLOT_IDS)
+    def test_StrCategoryLocatorPlot(self, ax, plotter):
+        ax.plot(["a", "b", "c"])
+        np.testing.assert_array_equal(ax.yaxis.major.locator(), range(3))
+
+
+class TestStrCategoryFormatter(object):
+    test_cases = [("ascii", ["hello", "world", "hi"]),
+                  ("unicode", ["Здравствуйте", "привет"])]
+
+    ids, cases = zip(*test_cases)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("ydata", cases, ids=ids)
+    def test_StrCategoryFormatter(self, ax, ydata):
+        unit = cat.UnitData(ydata)
+        labels = cat.StrCategoryFormatter(unit._mapping)
+        for i, d in enumerate(ydata):
+            assert labels(i, i) == _to_str(d)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("ydata", cases, ids=ids)
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("plotter", PLOT_LIST, ids=PLOT_IDS)
+    def test_StrCategoryFormatterPlot(self, ax, ydata, plotter):
+        plotter(ax, range(len(ydata)), ydata)
+        for i, d in enumerate(ydata):
+            assert ax.yaxis.major.formatter(i, i) == _to_str(d)
+        assert ax.yaxis.major.formatter(i+1, i+1) == ""
+        assert ax.yaxis.major.formatter(0, None) == ""
+
+
+def axis_test(axis, labels):
+    ticks = list(range(len(labels)))
+    np.testing.assert_array_equal(axis.get_majorticklocs(), ticks)
+    graph_labels = [axis.major.formatter(i, i) for i in ticks]
+    assert graph_labels == [_to_str(l) for l in labels]
+    assert list(axis.units._mapping.keys()) == [l for l in labels]
+    assert list(axis.units._mapping.values()) == ticks
+
+
+class TestPlotBytes(object):
+    bytes_cases = [('string list', ['a', 'b', 'c']),
+                   ('bytes list', [b'a', b'b', b'c']),
+                   ('bytes ndarray', np.array([b'a', b'b', b'c']))]
+
+    bytes_ids, bytes_data = zip(*bytes_cases)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("plotter", PLOT_LIST, ids=PLOT_IDS)
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("bdata", bytes_data, ids=bytes_ids)
+    def test_plot_bytes(self, ax, plotter, bdata):
+        counts = np.array([4, 6, 5])
+        plotter(ax, bdata, counts)
+        axis_test(ax.xaxis, bdata)
+
+
+class TestPlotNumlike(object):
+    numlike_cases = [('string list', ['1', '11', '3']),
+                     ('string ndarray', np.array(['1', '11', '3'])),
+                     ('bytes list', [b'1', b'11', b'3']),
+                     ('bytes ndarray', np.array([b'1', b'11', b'3']))]
+    numlike_ids, numlike_data = zip(*numlike_cases)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("plotter", PLOT_LIST, ids=PLOT_IDS)
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("ndata", numlike_data, ids=numlike_ids)
+    def test_plot_numlike(self, ax, plotter, ndata):
+        counts = np.array([4, 6, 5])
+        plotter(ax, ndata, counts)
+        axis_test(ax.xaxis, ndata)
+
+
+class TestPlotTypes(object):
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("plotter", PLOT_LIST, ids=PLOT_IDS)
+    def test_plot_unicode(self, ax, plotter):
+        words = ['Здравствуйте', 'привет']
+        plotter(ax, words, [0, 1])
+        axis_test(ax.xaxis, words)
+
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def test_data(self):
+        self.x = ["hello", "happy", "world"]
+        self.xy = [2, 6, 3]
+        self.y = ["Python", "is", "fun"]
+        self.yx = [3, 4, 5]
+
+    @pytest.mark.usefixtures("test_data")
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("plotter", PLOT_LIST, ids=PLOT_IDS)
+    def test_plot_xaxis(self, ax, test_data, plotter):
+        plotter(ax, self.x, self.xy)
+        axis_test(ax.xaxis, self.x)
+
+    @pytest.mark.usefixtures("test_data")
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("plotter", PLOT_LIST, ids=PLOT_IDS)
+    def test_plot_yaxis(self, ax, test_data, plotter):
+        plotter(ax, self.yx, self.y)
+        axis_test(ax.yaxis, self.y)
+
+    @pytest.mark.usefixtures("test_data")
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("plotter", PLOT_LIST, ids=PLOT_IDS)
+    def test_plot_xyaxis(self, ax, test_data, plotter):
+        plotter(ax, self.x, self.y)
+        axis_test(ax.xaxis, self.x)
+        axis_test(ax.yaxis, self.y)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("plotter", PLOT_LIST, ids=PLOT_IDS)
+    def test_update_plot(self, ax, plotter):
+        plotter(ax, ['a', 'b'], ['e', 'g'])
+        plotter(ax, ['a', 'b', 'd'], ['f', 'a', 'b'])
+        plotter(ax, ['b', 'c', 'd'], ['g', 'e', 'd'])
+        axis_test(ax.xaxis, ['a', 'b', 'd', 'c'])
+        axis_test(ax.yaxis, ['e', 'g', 'f', 'a', 'b', 'd'])
+
+    failing_test_cases = [("mixed", ['A', 3.14]),
+                          ("number integer", ['1', 1]),
+                          ("string integer", ['42', 42]),
+                          ("missing", ['12', np.nan])]
+
+    fids, fvalues = zip(*failing_test_cases)
+
+    PLOT_BROKEN_LIST = [Axes.scatter,
+                        pytest.param(Axes.plot, marks=pytest.mark.xfail),
+                        pytest.param(Axes.bar, marks=pytest.mark.xfail)]
+
+    PLOT_BROKEN_IDS = ["scatter", "plot", "bar"]
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("plotter", PLOT_BROKEN_LIST, ids=PLOT_BROKEN_IDS)
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("xdata", fvalues, ids=fids)
+    def test_mixed_type_exception(self, ax, plotter, xdata):
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            plotter(ax, xdata, [1, 2])
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("plotter", PLOT_BROKEN_LIST, ids=PLOT_BROKEN_IDS)
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("xdata", fvalues, ids=fids)
+    def test_mixed_type_update_exception(self, ax, plotter, xdata):
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            plotter(ax, [0, 3], [1, 3])
+            plotter(ax, xdata, [1, 2])

HW1_Stones/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/matplotlib/tests/test_cbook.py

@@ -0,0 +1,599 @@
+import itertools
+import pickle
+from weakref import ref
+import warnings
+from unittest.mock import patch, Mock
+
+from datetime import datetime
+
+import numpy as np
+from numpy.testing import (assert_array_equal, assert_approx_equal,
+                           assert_array_almost_equal)
+import pytest
+
+import matplotlib.cbook as cbook
+import matplotlib.colors as mcolors
+from matplotlib.cbook import (
+    MatplotlibDeprecationWarning, delete_masked_points as dmp)
+
+
+def test_is_hashable():
+    s = 'string'
+    assert cbook.is_hashable(s)
+
+    lst = ['list', 'of', 'stings']
+    assert not cbook.is_hashable(lst)
+
+
+class Test_delete_masked_points(object):
+    def setup_method(self):
+        self.mask1 = [False, False, True, True, False, False]
+        self.arr0 = np.arange(1.0, 7.0)
+        self.arr1 = [1, 2, 3, np.nan, np.nan, 6]
+        self.arr2 = np.array(self.arr1)
+        self.arr3 = np.ma.array(self.arr2, mask=self.mask1)
+        self.arr_s = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f']
+        self.arr_s2 = np.array(self.arr_s)
+        self.arr_dt = [datetime(2008, 1, 1), datetime(2008, 1, 2),
+                       datetime(2008, 1, 3), datetime(2008, 1, 4),
+                       datetime(2008, 1, 5), datetime(2008, 1, 6)]
+        self.arr_dt2 = np.array(self.arr_dt)
+        self.arr_colors = ['r', 'g', 'b', 'c', 'm', 'y']
+        self.arr_rgba = mcolors.to_rgba_array(self.arr_colors)
+
+    def test_bad_first_arg(self):
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            dmp('a string', self.arr0)
+
+    def test_string_seq(self):
+        actual = dmp(self.arr_s, self.arr1)
+        ind = [0, 1, 2, 5]
+        expected = (self.arr_s2[ind], self.arr2[ind])
+        assert_array_equal(actual[0], expected[0])
+        assert_array_equal(actual[1], expected[1])
+
+    def test_datetime(self):
+        actual = dmp(self.arr_dt, self.arr3)
+        ind = [0, 1, 5]
+        expected = (self.arr_dt2[ind], self.arr3[ind].compressed())
+        assert_array_equal(actual[0], expected[0])
+        assert_array_equal(actual[1], expected[1])
+
+    def test_rgba(self):
+        actual = dmp(self.arr3, self.arr_rgba)
+        ind = [0, 1, 5]
+        expected = (self.arr3[ind].compressed(), self.arr_rgba[ind])
+        assert_array_equal(actual[0], expected[0])
+        assert_array_equal(actual[1], expected[1])
+
+
+class Test_boxplot_stats(object):
+    def setup(self):
+        np.random.seed(937)
+        self.nrows = 37
+        self.ncols = 4
+        self.data = np.random.lognormal(size=(self.nrows, self.ncols),
+                                        mean=1.5, sigma=1.75)
+        self.known_keys = sorted([
+            'mean', 'med', 'q1', 'q3', 'iqr',
+            'cilo', 'cihi', 'whislo', 'whishi',
+            'fliers', 'label'
+        ])
+        self.std_results = cbook.boxplot_stats(self.data)
+
+        self.known_nonbootstrapped_res = {
+            'cihi': 6.8161283264444847,
+            'cilo': -0.1489815330368689,
+            'iqr': 13.492709959447094,
+            'mean': 13.00447442387868,
+            'med': 3.3335733967038079,
+            'fliers': np.array([
+                92.55467075,  87.03819018,  42.23204914,  39.29390996
+            ]),
+            'q1': 1.3597529879465153,
+            'q3': 14.85246294739361,
+            'whishi': 27.899688243699629,
+            'whislo': 0.042143774965502923
+        }
+
+        self.known_bootstrapped_ci = {
+            'cihi': 8.939577523357828,
+            'cilo': 1.8692703958676578,
+        }
+
+        self.known_whis3_res = {
+            'whishi': 42.232049135969874,
+            'whislo': 0.042143774965502923,
+            'fliers': np.array([92.55467075, 87.03819018]),
+        }
+
+        self.known_res_percentiles = {
+            'whislo':   0.1933685896907924,
+            'whishi':  42.232049135969874
+        }
+
+        self.known_res_range = {
+            'whislo': 0.042143774965502923,
+            'whishi': 92.554670752188699
+
+        }
+
+    def test_form_main_list(self):
+        assert isinstance(self.std_results, list)
+
+    def test_form_each_dict(self):
+        for res in self.std_results:
+            assert isinstance(res, dict)
+
+    def test_form_dict_keys(self):
+        for res in self.std_results:
+            assert set(res) <= set(self.known_keys)
+
+    def test_results_baseline(self):
+        res = self.std_results[0]
+        for key, value in self.known_nonbootstrapped_res.items():
+            assert_array_almost_equal(res[key], value)
+
+    def test_results_bootstrapped(self):
+        results = cbook.boxplot_stats(self.data, bootstrap=10000)
+        res = results[0]
+        for key, value in self.known_bootstrapped_ci.items():
+            assert_approx_equal(res[key], value)
+
+    def test_results_whiskers_float(self):
+        results = cbook.boxplot_stats(self.data, whis=3)
+        res = results[0]
+        for key, value in self.known_whis3_res.items():
+            assert_array_almost_equal(res[key], value)
+
+    def test_results_whiskers_range(self):
+        results = cbook.boxplot_stats(self.data, whis='range')
+        res = results[0]
+        for key, value in self.known_res_range.items():
+            assert_array_almost_equal(res[key], value)
+
+    def test_results_whiskers_percentiles(self):
+        results = cbook.boxplot_stats(self.data, whis=[5, 95])
+        res = results[0]
+        for key, value in self.known_res_percentiles.items():
+            assert_array_almost_equal(res[key], value)
+
+    def test_results_withlabels(self):
+        labels = ['Test1', 2, 'ardvark', 4]
+        results = cbook.boxplot_stats(self.data, labels=labels)
+        res = results[0]
+        for lab, res in zip(labels, results):
+            assert res['label'] == lab
+
+        results = cbook.boxplot_stats(self.data)
+        for res in results:
+            assert 'label' not in res
+
+    def test_label_error(self):
+        labels = [1, 2]
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            results = cbook.boxplot_stats(self.data, labels=labels)
+
+    def test_bad_dims(self):
+        data = np.random.normal(size=(34, 34, 34))
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            results = cbook.boxplot_stats(data)
+
+    def test_boxplot_stats_autorange_false(self):
+        x = np.zeros(shape=140)
+        x = np.hstack([-25, x, 25])
+        bstats_false = cbook.boxplot_stats(x, autorange=False)
+        bstats_true = cbook.boxplot_stats(x, autorange=True)
+
+        assert bstats_false[0]['whislo'] == 0
+        assert bstats_false[0]['whishi'] == 0
+        assert_array_almost_equal(bstats_false[0]['fliers'], [-25, 25])
+
+        assert bstats_true[0]['whislo'] == -25
+        assert bstats_true[0]['whishi'] == 25
+        assert_array_almost_equal(bstats_true[0]['fliers'], [])
+
+
+class Test_callback_registry(object):
+    def setup(self):
+        self.signal = 'test'
+        self.callbacks = cbook.CallbackRegistry()
+
+    def connect(self, s, func):
+        return self.callbacks.connect(s, func)
+
+    def is_empty(self):
+        assert self.callbacks._func_cid_map == {}
+        assert self.callbacks.callbacks == {}
+
+    def is_not_empty(self):
+        assert self.callbacks._func_cid_map != {}
+        assert self.callbacks.callbacks != {}
+
+    def test_callback_complete(self):
+        # ensure we start with an empty registry
+        self.is_empty()
+
+        # create a class for testing
+        mini_me = Test_callback_registry()
+
+        # test that we can add a callback
+        cid1 = self.connect(self.signal, mini_me.dummy)
+        assert type(cid1) == int
+        self.is_not_empty()
+
+        # test that we don't add a second callback
+        cid2 = self.connect(self.signal, mini_me.dummy)
+        assert cid1 == cid2
+        self.is_not_empty()
+        assert len(self.callbacks._func_cid_map) == 1
+        assert len(self.callbacks.callbacks) == 1
+
+        del mini_me
+
+        # check we now have no callbacks registered
+        self.is_empty()
+
+    def dummy(self):
+        pass
+
+    def test_pickling(self):
+        assert hasattr(pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(cbook.CallbackRegistry())),
+                       "callbacks")
+
+
+def raising_cb_reg(func):
+    class TestException(Exception):
+        pass
+
+    def raising_function():
+        raise RuntimeError
+
+    def transformer(excp):
+        if isinstance(excp, RuntimeError):
+            raise TestException
+        raise excp
+
+    # default behavior
+    cb = cbook.CallbackRegistry()
+    cb.connect('foo', raising_function)
+
+    # old default
+    cb_old = cbook.CallbackRegistry(exception_handler=None)
+    cb_old.connect('foo', raising_function)
+
+    # filter
+    cb_filt = cbook.CallbackRegistry(exception_handler=transformer)
+    cb_filt.connect('foo', raising_function)
+
+    return pytest.mark.parametrize('cb, excp',
+                                   [[cb, None],
+                                    [cb_old, RuntimeError],
+                                    [cb_filt, TestException]])(func)
+
+
+@raising_cb_reg
+def test_callbackregistry_process_exception(cb, excp):
+    if excp is not None:
+        with pytest.raises(excp):
+            cb.process('foo')
+    else:
+        cb.process('foo')
+
+
+def test_sanitize_sequence():
+    d = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}
+    k = ['a', 'b', 'c']
+    v = [1, 2, 3]
+    i = [('a', 1), ('b', 2), ('c', 3)]
+    assert k == sorted(cbook.sanitize_sequence(d.keys()))
+    assert v == sorted(cbook.sanitize_sequence(d.values()))
+    assert i == sorted(cbook.sanitize_sequence(d.items()))
+    assert i == cbook.sanitize_sequence(i)
+    assert k == cbook.sanitize_sequence(k)
+
+
+fail_mapping = (
+    ({'a': 1}, {'forbidden': ('a')}),
+    ({'a': 1}, {'required': ('b')}),
+    ({'a': 1, 'b': 2}, {'required': ('a'), 'allowed': ()})
+)
+
+warn_passing_mapping = (
+    ({'a': 1, 'b': 2}, {'a': 1}, {'alias_mapping': {'a': ['b']}}, 1),
+    ({'a': 1, 'b': 2}, {'a': 1},
+     {'alias_mapping': {'a': ['b']}, 'allowed': ('a',)}, 1),
+    ({'a': 1, 'b': 2}, {'a': 2}, {'alias_mapping': {'a': ['a', 'b']}}, 1),
+    ({'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}, {'a': 1, 'c': 3},
+     {'alias_mapping': {'a': ['b']}, 'required': ('a', )}, 1),
+)
+
+pass_mapping = (
+    ({'a': 1, 'b': 2}, {'a': 1, 'b': 2}, {}),
+    ({'b': 2}, {'a': 2}, {'alias_mapping': {'a': ['a', 'b']}}),
+    ({'b': 2}, {'a': 2},
+     {'alias_mapping': {'a': ['b']}, 'forbidden': ('b', )}),
+    ({'a': 1, 'c': 3}, {'a': 1, 'c': 3},
+     {'required': ('a', ), 'allowed': ('c', )}),
+    ({'a': 1, 'c': 3}, {'a': 1, 'c': 3},
+     {'required': ('a', 'c'), 'allowed': ('c', )}),
+    ({'a': 1, 'c': 3}, {'a': 1, 'c': 3},
+     {'required': ('a', 'c'), 'allowed': ('a', 'c')}),
+    ({'a': 1, 'c': 3}, {'a': 1, 'c': 3},
+     {'required': ('a', 'c'), 'allowed': ()}),
+    ({'a': 1, 'c': 3}, {'a': 1, 'c': 3}, {'required': ('a', 'c')}),
+    ({'a': 1, 'c': 3}, {'a': 1, 'c': 3}, {'allowed': ('a', 'c')}),
+)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('inp, kwargs_to_norm', fail_mapping)
+def test_normalize_kwargs_fail(inp, kwargs_to_norm):
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+        cbook.normalize_kwargs(inp, **kwargs_to_norm)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('inp, expected, kwargs_to_norm, warn_count',
+                         warn_passing_mapping)
+def test_normalize_kwargs_warn(inp, expected, kwargs_to_norm, warn_count):
+    with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
+        warnings.simplefilter("always")
+        assert expected == cbook.normalize_kwargs(inp, **kwargs_to_norm)
+        assert len(w) == warn_count
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('inp, expected, kwargs_to_norm',
+                         pass_mapping)
+def test_normalize_kwargs_pass(inp, expected, kwargs_to_norm):
+    with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
+        warnings.simplefilter("always")
+        assert expected == cbook.normalize_kwargs(inp, **kwargs_to_norm)
+        assert len(w) == 0
+
+
+def test_warn_external_frame_embedded_python():
+    with patch.object(cbook, "sys") as mock_sys:
+        mock_sys._getframe = Mock(return_value=None)
+        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
+            cbook._warn_external("dummy")
+    assert len(w) == 1
+    assert str(w[0].message) == "dummy"
+
+
+def test_to_prestep():
+    x = np.arange(4)
+    y1 = np.arange(4)
+    y2 = np.arange(4)[::-1]
+
+    xs, y1s, y2s = cbook.pts_to_prestep(x, y1, y2)
+
+    x_target = np.asarray([0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3], dtype='float')
+    y1_target = np.asarray([0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3], dtype='float')
+    y2_target = np.asarray([3, 2, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0], dtype='float')
+
+    assert_array_equal(x_target, xs)
+    assert_array_equal(y1_target, y1s)
+    assert_array_equal(y2_target, y2s)
+
+    xs, y1s = cbook.pts_to_prestep(x, y1)
+    assert_array_equal(x_target, xs)
+    assert_array_equal(y1_target, y1s)
+
+
+def test_to_prestep_empty():
+    steps = cbook.pts_to_prestep([], [])
+    assert steps.shape == (2, 0)
+
+
+def test_to_poststep():
+    x = np.arange(4)
+    y1 = np.arange(4)
+    y2 = np.arange(4)[::-1]
+
+    xs, y1s, y2s = cbook.pts_to_poststep(x, y1, y2)
+
+    x_target = np.asarray([0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3], dtype='float')
+    y1_target = np.asarray([0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3], dtype='float')
+    y2_target = np.asarray([3, 3, 2, 2, 1, 1, 0], dtype='float')
+
+    assert_array_equal(x_target, xs)
+    assert_array_equal(y1_target, y1s)
+    assert_array_equal(y2_target, y2s)
+
+    xs, y1s = cbook.pts_to_poststep(x, y1)
+    assert_array_equal(x_target, xs)
+    assert_array_equal(y1_target, y1s)
+
+
+def test_to_poststep_empty():
+    steps = cbook.pts_to_poststep([], [])
+    assert steps.shape == (2, 0)
+
+
+def test_to_midstep():
+    x = np.arange(4)
+    y1 = np.arange(4)
+    y2 = np.arange(4)[::-1]
+
+    xs, y1s, y2s = cbook.pts_to_midstep(x, y1, y2)
+
+    x_target = np.asarray([0, .5, .5, 1.5, 1.5, 2.5, 2.5, 3], dtype='float')
+    y1_target = np.asarray([0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3], dtype='float')
+    y2_target = np.asarray([3, 3, 2, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0], dtype='float')
+
+    assert_array_equal(x_target, xs)
+    assert_array_equal(y1_target, y1s)
+    assert_array_equal(y2_target, y2s)
+
+    xs, y1s = cbook.pts_to_midstep(x, y1)
+    assert_array_equal(x_target, xs)
+    assert_array_equal(y1_target, y1s)
+
+
+def test_to_midstep_empty():
+    steps = cbook.pts_to_midstep([], [])
+    assert steps.shape == (2, 0)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "args",
+    [(np.arange(12).reshape(3, 4), 'a'),
+     (np.arange(12), 'a'),
+     (np.arange(12), np.arange(3))])
+def test_step_fails(args):
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        cbook.pts_to_prestep(*args)
+
+
+def test_grouper():
+    class dummy():
+        pass
+    a, b, c, d, e = objs = [dummy() for j in range(5)]
+    g = cbook.Grouper()
+    g.join(*objs)
+    assert set(list(g)[0]) == set(objs)
+    assert set(g.get_siblings(a)) == set(objs)
+
+    for other in objs[1:]:
+        assert g.joined(a, other)
+
+    g.remove(a)
+    for other in objs[1:]:
+        assert not g.joined(a, other)
+
+    for A, B in itertools.product(objs[1:], objs[1:]):
+        assert g.joined(A, B)
+
+
+def test_grouper_private():
+    class dummy():
+        pass
+    objs = [dummy() for j in range(5)]
+    g = cbook.Grouper()
+    g.join(*objs)
+    # reach in and touch the internals !
+    mapping = g._mapping
+
+    for o in objs:
+        assert ref(o) in mapping
+
+    base_set = mapping[ref(objs[0])]
+    for o in objs[1:]:
+        assert mapping[ref(o)] is base_set
+
+
+def test_flatiter():
+    x = np.arange(5)
+    it = x.flat
+    assert 0 == next(it)
+    assert 1 == next(it)
+    ret = cbook.safe_first_element(it)
+    assert ret == 0
+
+    assert 0 == next(it)
+    assert 1 == next(it)
+
+
+def test_reshape2d():
+
+    class dummy():
+        pass
+
+    xnew = cbook._reshape_2D([], 'x')
+    assert np.shape(xnew) == (1, 0)
+
+    x = [dummy() for j in range(5)]
+
+    xnew = cbook._reshape_2D(x, 'x')
+    assert np.shape(xnew) == (1, 5)
+
+    x = np.arange(5)
+    xnew = cbook._reshape_2D(x, 'x')
+    assert np.shape(xnew) == (1, 5)
+
+    x = [[dummy() for j in range(5)] for i in range(3)]
+    xnew = cbook._reshape_2D(x, 'x')
+    assert np.shape(xnew) == (3, 5)
+
+    # this is strange behaviour, but...
+    x = np.random.rand(3, 5)
+    xnew = cbook._reshape_2D(x, 'x')
+    assert np.shape(xnew) == (5, 3)
+
+    # Now test with a list of lists with different lengths, which means the
+    # array will internally be converted to a 1D object array of lists
+    x = [[1, 2, 3], [3, 4], [2]]
+    xnew = cbook._reshape_2D(x, 'x')
+    assert isinstance(xnew, list)
+    assert isinstance(xnew[0], np.ndarray) and xnew[0].shape == (3,)
+    assert isinstance(xnew[1], np.ndarray) and xnew[1].shape == (2,)
+    assert isinstance(xnew[2], np.ndarray) and xnew[2].shape == (1,)
+
+    # We now need to make sure that this works correctly for Numpy subclasses
+    # where iterating over items can return subclasses too, which may be
+    # iterable even if they are scalars. To emulate this, we make a Numpy
+    # array subclass that returns Numpy 'scalars' when iterating or accessing
+    # values, and these are technically iterable if checking for example
+    # isinstance(x, collections.abc.Iterable).
+
+    class ArraySubclass(np.ndarray):
+
+        def __iter__(self):
+            for value in super().__iter__():
+                yield np.array(value)
+
+        def __getitem__(self, item):
+            return np.array(super().__getitem__(item))
+
+    v = np.arange(10, dtype=float)
+    x = ArraySubclass((10,), dtype=float, buffer=v.data)
+
+    xnew = cbook._reshape_2D(x, 'x')
+
+    # We check here that the array wasn't split up into many individual
+    # ArraySubclass, which is what used to happen due to a bug in _reshape_2D
+    assert len(xnew) == 1
+    assert isinstance(xnew[0], ArraySubclass)
+
+
+def test_contiguous_regions():
+    a, b, c = 3, 4, 5
+    # Starts and ends with True
+    mask = [True]*a + [False]*b + [True]*c
+    expected = [(0, a), (a+b, a+b+c)]
+    assert cbook.contiguous_regions(mask) == expected
+    d, e = 6, 7
+    # Starts with True ends with False
+    mask = mask + [False]*e
+    assert cbook.contiguous_regions(mask) == expected
+    # Starts with False ends with True
+    mask = [False]*d + mask[:-e]
+    expected = [(d, d+a), (d+a+b, d+a+b+c)]
+    assert cbook.contiguous_regions(mask) == expected
+    # Starts and ends with False
+    mask = mask + [False]*e
+    assert cbook.contiguous_regions(mask) == expected
+    # No True in mask
+    assert cbook.contiguous_regions([False]*5) == []
+    # Empty mask
+    assert cbook.contiguous_regions([]) == []
+
+
+def test_safe_first_element_pandas_series(pd):
+    # deliberately create a pandas series with index not starting from 0
+    s = pd.Series(range(5), index=range(10, 15))
+    actual = cbook.safe_first_element(s)
+    assert actual == 0
+
+
+def test_make_keyword_only(recwarn):
+    @cbook._make_keyword_only("3.0", "arg")
+    def func(pre, arg, post=None):
+        pass
+
+    func(1, arg=2)
+    assert len(recwarn) == 0
+
+    with pytest.warns(MatplotlibDeprecationWarning):
+        func(1, 2)
+    with pytest.warns(MatplotlibDeprecationWarning):
+        func(1, 2, 3)